Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Morphological and molecular characteristics of fungal species associated with crown rot of strawberry in South Korea

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Molecular Biology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Crown and root rot is the most important and destructive strawberry diseases in Korea as it causes substantial economic loss. In August 2020, a severe outbreak of crown and root rot on strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) was observed in the greenhouse at Sangju, South Korea. Infected plantlets displayed browning rot within the crown and root, stunted growth, and poor rooting.

Methods and results

Thirty fungal isolates were obtained from the affected plantlet. Isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity test as well as sequence data obtained from internal transcribed spacer, large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid, translation elongation factor, and RNA polymerase II-second largest subunit. Results showed that the crown and root rot of strawberry in Korea was caused by three distinct fungal species: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, F. solani, and Plectosphaerella cucumerina. To the best of our knowledge, F. solani, and P. cucumerina are reported for the first time as the causal agents of the crown and root rot of strawberry in South Korea. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that these isolates are pathogenic to strawberry.

Conclusions

Understanding the composition and biology of the pathogen population will be helpful to provide effective control strategies for the disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Resulting sequences have been deposited to GenBank, with accession numbers provided in Supplementary Table 2.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Wei H, Liu C, Ryong Jeong B (2020) An Optimal Combination of the Propagation Medium and Fogging Duration Enhances the Survival, Rooting and Early Growth of Strawberry Daughter Plants. Agronomy 10:557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Fang X, Phillips D, Verheyen G, Li H, Sivasithamparam K, Barbetti M (2012) Yields and resistance of strawberry cultivars to crown and root diseases in the field, and cultivar responses to pathogens under controlled environment conditions. Phytopathologia Mediterranae 51:69–84

    Google Scholar 

  3. Gilardi G, Bergeretti F, Gullino ML, Garibaldi A (2019) First Report of Neopestalotiopsis clavispora Causing Root and Crown Rot on Strawberry in Italy. Plant Dis 103:2959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Surovy MZ, Kabir MK, Gupta DR, Hassan O, Mahmud NU, Sabir AA, Rahman M, Chang T, Panaccione DG, Islam MT (2019) First report of Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum on strawberry in Bangladesh. Plant Dis 103:367–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhan, Y.J., Peng, W.J., Xu, Z.Q., Xu, H. & Feng, X.H. First Report of Phytopythium helicoides Causing Root and Crown Rot on Strawberry in China. Plant disease, 104,2528.

  6. Geiser DM, Jiménez-Gasco M, Kang S, Makalowska I, Veeraraghavan N, Ward TJ, Zhang N, Kuldau GA, O’Donnell K (2004) FUSARIUM-ID vol 1.0: A DNA sequence database for identifying Fusarium. Eurrpean Journal of Plant Pathology 110:473–479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Park, K., Han, I., Lee, S.-M., Choi, S.-L., Kim, M. C. & Lee, H. (2019). Crown and Root Rot of Strawberry Caused by Neopestalotiopsis clavispora in Korea. The Korean Journal of Mycology, 47, 427–435. (Abstract in English).

  8. Fang XL, Phillips D, Li H, Sivasithamparam K, Barbetti MJ (2011) Severity of crown and root diseases of strawberry and associated fungal and oomycete patho- gens in Western Australia. Australas Plant Pathol 40:109–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. KSPP (2009) The Korean Society of Plant Pathology. List of plant diseases in Korea, 5th edn. Korean Society of Plant Pathology, Seoul

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kwon JH, Choi O, Kim J (2013) Fusarium oxysporum Causing Wilt and Stem Rot in Chrysanthemum × morifolium in Korea. Plant Dis 97:1118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Stewart JE, Kim M-S, James RL, Dumroese RK, Klopfenstein NB (2006) Molecular characterization of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium commune isolates from a conifer nursery. Phytopathology 96:1124–1133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Taylor JW, Jacobson DJ, Kroken S, Kasuga T, Geiser DM, Hibbett DS, Fisher MC (2000) Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi. Fungal genetics and biology : FG & B 31(1):21–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. O’Donnell K, Ward TJ, Robert VARG, Crous PW, Geiser DM, Kang S (2015) DNA sequence-based identification of Fusarium: Current status and future directions. Phytoparasitica 43:583–595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Hellin P, Scauflaire J, Van Hese V, Munaut F, Legrève A (2017) Sensitivity of Fusarium culmorum to triazoles: impact of trichothecene chemotypes, oxidative stress response and genetic diversity. Pest Manag Sci 73(6):1244–1252

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Ramdial H, De Abreu K, Rampersad SN (2017) Fungicide Sensitivity among Isolates of Colletotrichum truncatum and Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti Species Complex Infecting Bell Pepper in Trinidad. The Plant Pathology Journal 33:118–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lombard L, Sandoval-Denis M, Lamprecht SC, Crous PW (2019) Epitypification of Fusarium oxysporum clearing the taxonomic chaos. Persoonia 43:1–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Maryani N, Lombard L, Poerba YS, Subandiyah S, Crous PW, Kema GHJ (2019) Phylogeny and genetic diversity of the banana Fusarium wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in the Indonesian centre of origin. Stud Mycol 92:155–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Šišić, A., Al-Hatmi, A., Baćanović-Šišić, J., Ahmed, S. A., Dennenmoser, D., de Hoog, G. S. and Finckh, M. R. (2018). Two new species of the Fusarium solani species complex isolated from compost and hibiscus (Hibiscus sp.). Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 111(10), 1785–1805.

  19. Zhang ZY, Chen WH, Zou X, Han YF, Huang JZ, Liang ZQ, Deshmukh SK (2019) Phylogeny and taxonomy of two new Plectosphaerella (Plectosphaerellaceae, Glomerellales) species from China. MycoKeys 57:47–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0. Molecular biology and evolution, 30(12), 2725–2729.

  21. Maddison, W. P. and Maddison, D. R. (2011). Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.75. http://mesquiteproject.org.

  22. Nylander, J. A. A. (2004). MrModelTest v2. Program Distributed by the Author. Uppsala, Sweden: Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.

  23. Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M. A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012). MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic biology, 61(3), 539–542.

  24. Cho, C.T. & Moon, B.J.(1984). Studies on the Wilt of Strawberry Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae in Korea. Korean Journal of Plant Protection, 23,74–81. (Abstract in English).

  25. Chang X, Dai H, Wang D, Zhou H, He W, Fu Y, Ibrahim F, Zhou Y, Gong G, Shang J, Yang J, Wu X, Yong T, Song C, Yang W (2018) Identification of Fusarium species associated with soybean root rot in Sichuan Province, China. Eurrpean Journal of Plant Pathology 151:563–577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Carlucci A, Raimondo ML, Santos J, Phillips AJ (2012) Plectosphaerella species associated with root and collar rots of horticultural crops in southern Italy. Persoonia 28:34–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Riley MB, Williamson MR, Maloy O (2002) Plant disease diagnosis. The Plant Health Instructor. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHI-I-2002-1021-01

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Chung PC, Wu HY, Wang YW, Ariyawansa HA, Hu HP, Hung TH, Tzean SS, Chung CL (2020) Diversity and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species causing strawberry anthracnose in Taiwan and description of a new species Colletotrichum miaoliense sp. nov. Scientific Report 10:14664

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Palm ME, Gams W, Nirenberg HI (1995) Plectosporium, a new genus for Fusarium tabacinum, the anamorph of Plectosphaerella cucumerina. Mycologia 87:397–406

    Google Scholar 

  30. Dongzhen F, Xilin L, Xiaorong C, Wenwu Y, Yunlu H, Yi C, Jia C, Zhimin L, Litao G, Tuhong W, Xu J, Chunsheng G (2020) Fusarium Species and Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex Genotypes Associated With Yam Wilt in South-Central China. Front Microbiol 11:1964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Hassan O, Jeon JY, Chang T, Shin JS, Oh NK (2018) Molecular and morphological characterization of Colletotrichum species in the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex associated with persimmon anthracnose in South Korea. Plant Dis 102:1015–1024

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Weir BS, Johnston PR, Damm U (2012) The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. Stud Mycol 73:115–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Doohan FM, Brennan J, Cooke BM (2003) Influence of climatic factors on Fusarium species pathognic to cereals. Eurrpean Journal of Plant Pathology 109:755–768

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Gilardi, G., Ortu, G., Gullino, M. L. & Garibaldi, A. 2012. Plectosphaerella cucumerina: a new pathogen on wild rocket in Italy. Protezione dele Colture, 5, 31–33. (Summary in English).

  35. Burkhardt A, Henry PM, Koike ST, Gordon TR, Martin F (2019) Detection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae from Infected Strawberry Plants. Plant Dis 103:1006–1013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Nam MH, Kim HS, Park MS, Min JY, Kim HT (2020) Genetic Diversity, Pathogenicity, and Fungicide Response of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae Isolated from Strawberry Plants in Korea. Research in Plant Disease 26:79–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Pastrana AM, Watson DC, Gordon TR (2019) Transmission of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae Through Stolons in Strawberry Plants. Plant Dis 103:1249–1251

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Han KS, Lee SC, Han YK, Kim DH, Kim S (2012) Crown and Foot Rot of Grafted Cucumber Caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae. Research Plant Disease 18:57–61

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Kwon, S. K., Jeon, C.W. & Kwak, Y. S. (2020). First Report of Wilt Disease on Peucedanum japonicum and Selection of Fungicides. The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science, 24, 7–13. (Abstract in English).

  40. Yang JW, Nam SS, Lee HU, Choi KH, Hwang SG, Paul NC (2018) Fusarium root rot caused by Fusarium solani on sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) in South Korea. Canadian Journal of Plant Patholology 40:90–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Pastrana AM, Capote N, De Los Santos B, Romero F, Basallote-Ureba MJ (2014) First Report of Fusarium solani Causing Crown and Root Rot on Strawberry Crops in Southwestern Spain. Plant Dis 98:161–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Abad P, Pérez A, Marqués MC, Vicente MJ, Bruton BD, García-Jiménez J (2000) Assessment of vegetative compatibility of Acremonium cucurbitacearum and Plectosphaerella cucumerina isolates from diseased melon plants. Bulletin OEPP 30(2):199–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Li PL, Chai AL, Shi YX, Xie XW, Li BJ (2017) First Report of Root Rot Caused by Plectosphaerella cucumerina on Cabbage in China. Mycobiology 45:110–113

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. O’Donnell K, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG, Sarver BA, Balajee SA, Schroers HJ, Summerbell RC, Robert VA, Crous PW, Zhang N, Aoki T, Jung K, Park J, Lee YH, Kang S, Park B, Geiser DM (2010) Internet-accessible DNA sequence database for identifying fusaria from human and animal infections. J Journal of clinical microbiology 48:3708–3718

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Rehner SA, Samuels GJ (1994) Taxonomy and phylogeny of Gliocladium analysed from nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Mycol Res 98:625–634

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Vilgalys R, Hester M (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. J Bacteriol 172(8):4238–4246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. White TJ, Bruns T, Taylor J (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ et al (eds) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 315–322

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all the members of the plant pathology lab, Kyungpook National University, for their valuable support during this study.

Funding

Self funded (Funded by Taehyun Chang).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology & Environmental System, College of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Gyeongbuk, 37224, Republic of Korea

    Oliul Hassan & Taehyun Chang

Authors
  1. Oliul Hassan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Taehyun Chang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Taehyun Chang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Animals rights

There was no involvement of Human Participants and/or Animals in this research.

Informed consent

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 214 kb)

Supplementary file2 (DOCX 27 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Hassan, O., Chang, T. Morphological and molecular characteristics of fungal species associated with crown rot of strawberry in South Korea. Mol Biol Rep 49, 51–62 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06841-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06841-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation