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Molecular characterization, gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, phytochemical screening and insecticidal activities of ethanol extract of Lentinus squarrosulus against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus)

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Abstract

Mosquito-transmitted diseases like zika, dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever are known to affect human health worldwide. Numerous synthetic insecticides have been used as vector control for these diseases, but there is the challenge of environmental toxicity and vector resistance. This study investigated the medicinal and insecticidal potential of Lentinus squarrosulus against Aedes aegypti. The fruiting bodies were identified morphologically as well as using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences for its molecular characterization. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) yield was confirmed with NanoDrop Spectrophotometer ND-1000 and amplified with ITSl and ITS4 primers. The amplicons were sequenced and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database identified the nucleotides. Its ethanol extract was subjected to phytochemical screening and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and tested against the pupa and fourth instar larva of Aedes aegypti with percentage mortality monitored. The Macrofungus was identified morphologically and confirmed with molecular characterization as Lentinus squarrosulus (LS). The gene sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession number MK629662.1). GC-MS analysis showed that its ethanol extract has 25 bioactive compounds with 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester having the highest percentage of 43.32% as well as methyl-2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetate and 17-octadecynoic acid having the lowest percentage (0.09%). The macrofungus contained varied concentrations of phytochemicals including phenols (159 mg/g GAE), tannins (1.6 mg/g TAE), and flavonoids (31.4 mg/g QE). The ethanol extract had significant potent effects on Aedes aegypti larva and pupa which could be due to the occurrence and abundance of 9,12-octadecadienoic acid in LS. The LC50 of the extract for larvicidal and pupicidal activities were 2.95 mg/mL and 3.55 mg/mL, respectively, while its LC90 were 6.31 mg/mL and 5.75 mg/mL respectively. Lentinus squarrosulus had insecticidal effects against the Aedes aegypti larva and pupa and possessed great potential as a source of alternative medicine and eco-friendly insecticides.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, School of Science and Technology, PMB 4005, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria

    Morenike Olutumbi Adeoye-Isijola

  2. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

    Morenike Olutumbi Adeoye-Isijola & Segun Gbolagade Jonathan

  3. Department of Nature Conservation, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs, Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal, 4026, South Africa

    Roger Murugas Coopoosamy & Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe

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MOAI, SGJ and OOO sourced for macrofungus and performed the experiment. MOAI, SGJ, RMC and OOO wrote the manuscript and participated in the data discussion, data analyses, and drafting of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Olufunmiso Olusola Olajuyigbe.

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Adeoye-Isijola, M.O., Jonathan, S.G., Coopoosamy, R.M. et al. Molecular characterization, gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis, phytochemical screening and insecticidal activities of ethanol extract of Lentinus squarrosulus against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus). Mol Biol Rep 48, 41–55 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-06119-6

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