Abstract
Anthocyanin makes snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pods purple, which helps seed dispersal and protects against environmental stress. In this study, we characterised the snap bean purple mutant pv-pur, which has purple cotyledon, hypocotyl, stem, leaf vein, flower and pod tissues. Total anthocyanin, delphinidin and malvidin levels in mutant pods were significantly higher than in wild-type plants. We constructed two populations for fine mapping of the PV-PUR purple mutation gene, located in the 243.9-kb region of chromosome 06. We identified Phvul.006g018800.3, encoding F3’5’H, as a candidate gene for PV-PUR. Six single-base mutations occurred in the coding region of this gene, altering protein structure. PV-PUR and pv-pur genes were transferred into Arabidopsis, respectively. Compared with the wild-type, the leaf base and internode of T-PV-PUR plant were purple, and the phenotype of T-pv-pur plant remained unchanged, which verified the function of the mutant gene. The results demonstrated that PV-PUR is a crucial gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis in snap bean, resulting in purple colouration. The findings lay a foundation for future breeding and improvement of snap bean.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data and materials generated or analysed during this study are included in this article and its supplementary information files.
References
Albert NW, Lewis DH, Zhang H, Irving LJ, Jameson PE, Davies KM (2009) Light-induced vegetative anthocyanin pigmentation in Petunia. J Exp Bot 60(7):2191–2202. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp097
Amugune NO, Anyango B, Mukiama TK (2011) Arobacterium-mediated transformation of common bean. Afr Crop Sci J 19(3):137–147. https://doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v19i3
Bachem CW, van der Hoeven RS, de Bruijn SM, Vreugdenhil D, Zabeau M, Visser RG (1996) Visualization of differential gene expression using a novel method of RNA fingerprinting based on AFLP: analysis of gene expression during potato tuber development. Plant J 9(5):745–53. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-313x.1996.9050745.x
Castellarin SD, Di Gaspero G (2007) Transcriptional control of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in extreme phenotypes for berry pigmentation of naturally occurring grapevines. BMC Plant Biol 7(1):46–46. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-7-46
Chen LH, Hu B, Qin YH, Hu GB, Zhao JT (2019) Advance of the negative regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by MYB transcription factors. Plant Physiol Biochem 136:178–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.024
Collado R, Bermúdez-Caraballoso I, Veitía N, Torres D, Romero C, Angenon G (2016) Epicotyl sections as targets for plant regeneration and transient transformation of common bean using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 52(5):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-016-9769-2
Davies KM, Albert NW, Schwinn KE (2012) From landing lights to mimicry: the molecular regulation of flower colouration and mechanisms for pigmentation patterning. Funct Plant Biol 39(8):619. https://doi.org/10.1071/fp12195
Deluc L, Bogs J, Walker AR, Ferrier T, Decendit A, Merillon JM, Robinson SP, Barrieu F (2008) The transcription factor VvMYB5b contributes to the regulation of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in developing grape berries. Plant Physiol 147(4):2041–2053. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.118919
Dixon RA, Paiva NL (1995) Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell 7(7):1085. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.7.7.1085
Estrada-Navarrete G, Alvarado-Affantranger X, Olivares JE, Díaz-Camino C, Santana O, Murillo E, Guillén G, Sánchez-Guevara N, Acosta J, Quinto C, Li DL, Gresshoff PM, Sánchez F (2006) Agrobacterium rhizogenes transformation of the Phaseolus spp: a tool for functional genomics. MPMI 19(12):1385–1393. https://doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-19-1385
Fang L, Yang YJ, Gao JW, Ma CL, Bi YP (2018) A comparative transcriptome analysis of a wild purple potato and its red mutant provides insight into the mechanism of anthocyanin transformation. Plos One. 13(1):0191406. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191406
Frank M, Harald K, Pawel B, Bernd W (2005) The Arabidopsis transcription factor MYB12 is a flavonol-specific regulator of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 138:1083–1096. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.058032
Gandikota M, Kochko A, Chen L, Ithal N, Fauquet C, Reddy A (2001) Development of transgenic rice plants expressing maize anthocyanin genes and increased blast resistance. Mol Breed 7:73–83. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009657923408
Grotewold E (2006) The genetics and biochemistry of floral pigments. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:761–780. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105248
Hartmann U, Sagasser M, Mehrtens F, Stracke R, Weisshaar B (2005) Differential combinatorial interactions ofcis-acting elements recognized by R2R3-MYB, BZIP, and BHLH factors control light-responsive and tissue-specific activation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis genes. Plant Mol Biol 57(2):155–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-004-6910-0
Holton TA, Cornish EC (1995) Genetics and biochemistry of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Plant Cell 7(7):1071–1083. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.7.7.1071
Hongjian W, Zhao ZG, Qian CT, Sui YH, Malik AA, Chen JF (2009) Selection of appropriate reference genes for gene expression studies by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in cucumber. Anal Biochem 399(2):257–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2009.12.008
Irain NG, Hernandez JM, Grotewold E (2003) Chapter three regulation of anthocyanin pigmentation. Recent Adv Phytochem 37:59–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-9920(03)80018-7
Jong WSD, Eannetta NT, Jong DMD, Bodis M (2004) Candidate gene analysis of anthocyanin pigmentation loci in the Solanaceae. Theor Appl Genet 108(3):423–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1455-1
Jørgensen K, Rasmussen AV, Morant M, Nielsen AH, Bjarnholt N, Zagrobelny M, Bak S, Møller BL (2005) Metabolon formation and metabolic channeling in the biosynthesis of plant natural products. Curr Opin Plant Biol 8(3):280–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2005.03.014
Koes R, Verweij W, Quattrocchio F (2005) Flavonoids: a colorful model for the regulation and evolution of biochemical pathways. Trends in Plant Sci 10(5):236–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2005.03.002
Li XH, Uddin MR, Parka WT, Kima YB, Seo JM, Kim S, Nou I, Lee J, Kim H, Parka SU (2014) Accumulation of anthocyanin and related genes expression during the development of cabbage seedlings. Proc Biochem 49(7):1084–1091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.008
Liu C, Yang XX, Yan ZS, Liu DJ, Feng GJ (2022) Identification and characterization of a mutant PV-PUR gene responsible for the purple phenotype of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Int J Mol Sci 23:1265. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031265
Lunde CF, Morrow DJ, Roy LM, Walbot V (2003) Progress in maize gene discovery: a project update. Funct Integr Genom 3(1):25–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-002-0078-y
Mohamed MF, Cao J, Earle ED (2006) Toward production of genetically modified common bean via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Annu REP-BEAN Improv Coop 49:147
Okinaka Y, Shimada Y, Nakano-Shimada R, Ohbayashi M, Kiyokawa S, Kikuchi Y (2003) Selective accumulation of delphinidin derivatives in tobacco using a putative flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase cDNA from Campanula medium. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 67(1):161–5. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.67.161
Seitz C, Ameres S, Forkmann G (2007) Identification of the molecular basis for the functional difference between flavonoid 3′-hydroxylase and flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase. FEBS Lett 581(18):3429–3434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.045
Springob K, Nakajima J, Yamazaki M, Saito K (2003) Recent advances in the biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins. Nat Prod Rep 20(3):288–303. https://doi.org/10.1039/b109542k
Stracke R, Werber M, Weisshaar B (2001) The R2R3-MYB gene family in Arabidopsis Thaliana Ralf Stracke, Martin Werber and Bernd Weisshaar. Curr Opin Plant Biol 4(5):447–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00199-0
Sundqvist C, Dahlin C (1997) With chlorophyll pigments from prolamellar bodies to light-harvesting complexes. Physiologia Plantarum. 100(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb00002.x
Sung SY, Kim SH, Velusamy V, Lee YM, Ha BK, Kim JB, Kang SK, Kim HG, Kim DS (2013) Comparative gene expression analysis in a highly anthocyanin pigmented mutant of colorless chrysanthemum. Mol Biol Rep 40(8):5177–5189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-013-2620-5
Tanaka Y, Sasaki N, Ohmiya A (2008) Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids. Plant J 54(4):733–749. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2008.03447.x
Tang HM, Liu SZ, Hill-Skinner S, Wu W, Reed D, Yeh CT, Nettleton D, Schnable PS (2014) The maize brown midrib2 (bm2) gene encodes a methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase that contributes to lignin accumulation. Plant J 77(3):380–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.12394
Wang N, Liu ZY, Zhang Y, Li CY, Feng HY (2018) Identification and fine mapping of a stay-green gene (Brnye1) In Pakchoi (Brassica Campestris L Ssp. Chinensis. Theor Appl Genet 131(3):673–684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-3028-8
Yang XX, Liu C, Li YM, Yan ZS, Liu DJ, Feng GJ (2021) Identification and fine genetic mapping of the golden pod gene (pv-ye) from the snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Theor Appl Genet 134:3773–3784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-021-03928-6
Zeng SH, Wu M, Zou CY, Liu XM, Shen XF, Hayward A, Liu CZ, Wang Y (2014) Comparative analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit development in two Lycium species. Physiol Plant 150(4):505–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.12131
Zhang ZY, Coyne DP, Mitra A (1997) Factors affecting Agrobacterium mediated transformation of common bean. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 122(3):300–305. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.122.3.300
Zhang XR, Henriques R, Lin SS, Niu QW, Chua NH (2006) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana using the floral dip method. Nat Protoc 1:641–646. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.97
Zheng J, Wu H, Zhao M, Yang Z, Zhou Z, Guo Y, Lin Y, Chen H (2021) OsMYB3 is a R2R3-MYB gene responsible for anthocyanin biosynthesis in black rice. Mol Breed 41:51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-021-01244-x
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 32002031); the Basic Scientific Research Operating Expenses of Provincial College in Heilongjiang Province, China (grant numbers 2020-KYYWF-1026 and 2020-KYYWF-1027); and the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number LH2020C090).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
CL and XY conceived, designed and performed the experiments and wrote the manuscript; YH and QC conducted partial gene mapping experiments; YH participated in the transgenic Arabidopsis experiments; ZY contributed to the experimental materials and field planting; DL and GF revised the manuscript and performed data analysis. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable
Consent for publication
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author provides the consent for publication.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, C., Yang, X., He, Y. et al. Fine mapping and characterisation of a PV-PUR mediating anthocyanin synthesis in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Mol Breeding 43, 15 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-023-01362-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-023-01362-8