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Differences between traces of negative emotions in smile judgment

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Abstract

While a smile can reflect felt happiness, it can also be voluntarily produced, for instance, to mask negative emotions. Masking strategies are not always perfect and traces of the negative emotion can leak. The current study examined the role of traces of anger, sadness, fear and disgust in the judgment of authenticity of smiles. Participants judged the authenticity of the smiles while their eye movements were recorded. They were also asked if the stimuli comprised another emotion and, if so, what the emotion was. Results revealed that participants were sensitive to traces of negative emotions. Variations were observed between emotions with performance being best for traces of fear and lowest for traces of anger in the eyebrows in the judgment task. However, when the presence of a negative emotion was reported, participants were less accurate in identifying fear but more accurate in identifying anger. Furthermore, variations were observed as a function of the location of the trace whether in the mouth or eyes as a function of the emotion. Traces in the eyebrows were associated with better performance than traces in the mouth for sadness but the opposite was observed for anger. The performance at the judgment task was not linked to eye movement measures or explicit knowledge of the masked emotion. Future research should explore other explanation for the variations in performance in the judgments of authenticity of masking smiles such as emotional contagion.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a Grant from the Consortium National de Formation en Santé to Melanie Perron and Annie Roy-Charland as well as a Canada Foundation for Innovation infrastructure Grant and a NSERC Discovery Grant to Annie Roy-Charland.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada

    Melanie Perron, Annie Roy-Charland, Justin A. Chamberland, Carolyn Bleach & Annalie Pelot

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  1. Melanie Perron
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  2. Annie Roy-Charland
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  3. Justin A. Chamberland
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  4. Carolyn Bleach
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  5. Annalie Pelot
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Correspondence to Melanie Perron.

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Perron, M., Roy-Charland, A., Chamberland, J.A. et al. Differences between traces of negative emotions in smile judgment. Motiv Emot 40, 478–488 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-016-9546-x

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