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Quinolone scaffolds as potential drug candidates against infectious microbes: a review

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Abstract

Prevalence of microbial infections and new rising pathogens are signified as causative agent for variety of serious and lethal health crisis in past years. Despite medical advances, bacterial and fungal infections continue to be a rising problem in the health care system. As more bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics used in therapy, and as more invasive microbial species develop resistance to conventional antimicrobial drugs. Relevant published publications from the last two decades, up to 2024, were systematically retrieved from the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and WOS databases using keywords such as quinolones, anti-infective, antibacterial, antimicrobial resistance and patents on quinolone derivatives. With an approach of considerable interest towards novel heterocyclic derivatives as novel anti-infective agents, researchers have explored these as essential tools in vistas of drug design and development. Among heterocycles, quinolones have been regarded extremely essential for the development of novel derivatives, even able to tackle the associated resistance issues. The quinolone scaffold with its bicyclic structure and specific functional groups such as the carbonyl and acidic groups, is indeed considered a valuable functionalities for further lead generation and optimization in drug discovery. Besides, the substitution at N-1, C-3 and C-7 positions also subjected to be having a significant role in anti-infective potential. In this article, we intend to highlight recent quinolone derivatives based on the SAR approach and anti-infective potential such as antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antitubercular, antitrypanosomal and antiviral activities. Moreover, some recent patents granted on quinolone-containing derivatives as anti-infective agents have also been highlighted in tabular form. Due consideration of this, future research in this scaffold is expected to be useful for aspiring scientists to get pharmacologically significant leads.

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Several Quinolone derivatives based on the SAR approach as potent antimicrobial agents which combat antimicrobial resistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India

    Vishal Sharma, Rina Das & Dinesh Kumar Mehta

  2. Swami Devidyal College of Pharmacy, Barwala, 134118, India

    Diksha Sharma

  3. Department of Microbiology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India

    Shahbaz Aman

  4. Department of pharmaceutical Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Uniazah, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia

    M. U. Khan

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  1. Vishal Sharma
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  2. Rina Das
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  4. Diksha Sharma
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Contributions

Vishal Sharma: Design, Data Curation, Writing Dinesh Kumar Mehta: Data Curation, supervision Rina Das: Writing, Original Draft Preparation Diksha Sharma: Formal analysis Shahbaz Aman: Formal analysis M. U. Khan: Formal analysis.

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Sharma, V., Das, R., Mehta, D.K. et al. Quinolone scaffolds as potential drug candidates against infectious microbes: a review. Mol Divers (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-024-10862-4

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