Skip to main content
Log in

Static and Fatigue Characteristics of Pinned Metal-Composite Joints

  • Published:
Mechanics of Composite Materials Aims and scope

Metal-composite joining methods currently rely almost exclusively on the adhesive bonding, the application of mechanical fasteners or a combination of the methods, the pros and cons of which are well known. In this article, a manufacturing-oriented solution for increasing the static and fatigue characteristics of metal composite bolted T-joints loaded in the out-of-plane direction by reinforcing the composite basement with a thin metal plate having die cut pins is proposed. Static load–displacement and fatigue life curves were obtained experimentally for different types of joints. The results obtained showed that, for a fiberglass/epoxy laminate, the solution proposed increased its static and fatigue failure loads by 64 and 50% respectively. It was also found that pinned adhesive joints were more effective than the conventional bolted ones at high-cycle loadings (the number of cycles exceeded 104).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. C. Nogueira, K. Drechsler, and E. Hombergsmeier, “Properties and failure mechanisms of 3D-reinforced joint,” JEC Composites Magazine, 69, 39-44 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  2. A. Yudhanto, N. Watanabe, Y. Iwahori, and H. Hoshi, “Effect of stitch density on fatigue characteristics and damage mechanisms of stitched carbon/epoxy composites,” Composites: Part A, 60, 52-65 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. T. Yang, J. Zhang, A. P. Mouritz, and C. H. Wang, “Healing of carbon fiber–epoxy composite T-joints using mendable polymer fiber stitching,” Composites: Part B, 45, No. 1, 1499-1507 (2013).

  4. A. P. Mouritz, “Review of z-pinned composite laminates,” Composites: Part A, 38, No. 12, 2383-2397 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. L. W. Byrd and V. Birman, “Effectiveness of z–pins in preventing delamination of co-cured composite joints on the example of a double cantilever test,” Composites: Part B, 37, Nos. 3-4, 365-378 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. T. M. Koh, S. Feih, and A. P. Mouritz, “Experimental determination of the structural properties and strengthening mechanisms of z-pinned composite T-joints,” Compos. Struct., 93, No. 9, 2222-2230 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Y. B. Park, B. H. Lee, J. H. Kweon, et al., “The strength of composite bonded T-joints transversely reinforced by carbon pins,” Compos. Struct., 94, 625-634 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. H. Ji, J. H. Kweon, and J. H. Choi, “Fatigue characteristics of stainless steel pin-reinforced composite hat joints,” Compos. Struct., 108, 49-56 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. T. M. Koh, S. Feih, and A. P. Mouritz, “Strengthening mechanics of thin and thick composite T-joints reinforced with z-pins,” Composites: Part A, 43, No. 8, 1308-1317 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Chang, A. P. Mouritz, and B. N. Cox, “Properties and failure mechanisms of z-pinned laminates in monotonic and cyclic tension,” Composites: Part A, 37, No. 10, 1501-1513 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Heimbs, A. C. Nogueira, E. Hombergsmeier, et al., “Failure behaviour of composite T-joints with novel metallic arrow-pin reinforcement,” Compos. Struct., 110, 16-28 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. C. A. Steeves and N. A. Fleck, “In-plane properties of composite laminates with through – thickness pin reinforcement,” Int. J. Solids Struct., 43, 3197-3212 (2006).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. A. P. Mouritz and B. N. Cox, “A mechanistic interpretation of the comparative in-plane mechanical properties of 3D woven, stitched, and pinned composites,” Composites: Part A, 41, 709-728 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. A. P. Mouritz, P. Chang, and M. D. Isa, “Z-pin composites: Aerospace structural design considerations,” J. Aerospace Engineering, 24, 425-432 (2011).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. I. S. Karpov, Joining of Parts and Units Made of Composite Materials [in Russian], National Aerospace University“Kharkov Aviation Institute,” Kharkov (2006).

  16. I. S. Karpov, Design of Composite Parts and Units [in Russian], National Aerospace University “Kharkov Aviation Institute,” Kharkov (2010).

  17. F. Bianchi, Numerical modelling of across-the-thickness reinforced structural joints, Ph.D. thesis. Cranfield, Cranfield University (2012).

  18. G. Kelly and S. Hallström, “Strength and failure mechanisms of composite laminates subject to localized transverse loading,” Compos. Struct., 69, No. 3, 301-314 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. J. T. Vazquez, B. Castanié, J. J. Barrau, and N. Swiergiel, “Multi-level analysis of low-cost Z-pinned composite joints: Part 1: Single Z-pin behavior,” Composites: Part A, 42, No. 12, 2070-2081 (2011).

  20. J. T. Vazquez, B. Castanié, J. J. Barrau, and N. Swiergiel, “Multi-level analysis of low-cost Z-pinned composite joints: Part 2: Joint behavior,” Composites: Part A, 42, No. 12, 2082-2092 (2011).

  21. J. P. Kabche, V. Caccese, K. A. Berube, and R. Bragg, “Experimental characterization of hybrid composite-to-metal bolted joints under flexural loading,” Composites: Part B, 38, 66-78 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. B. Kolesnikov, L. Herbeck, and A. Fink, “CFRP/titanium hybrid material for improving composite bolted joints,” Compos. Struct., 83, 368-380 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. T. Löbel, B. Kolesnikov, S. Scheffler, et al., “Enhanced tensile strength of composite joints by using staple-like pins: Working principles and experimental validation,” Compos. Struct., 106, 453-460 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Airbus Operations Gmbh., Method for connecting a fiber composite component to a structural component of an aircraft and spacecraft and a corresponding arrangement. Inventors: M. Pacchione and D. Furfari. US Patent Specification 20130149501. 13.06.2013.

  25. A. Banbury and D. W. Kelly, “A study of fastener pull-through failure of composite laminates. Part 1: Experimental,” Compos. Struct., 45, 241-254 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. L. Adam, “Discrete ply model of circular pullthrough test of fasteners in laminates,” Compos. Struct., 94, 3082-3091 (2012).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Grassi and X. Zhang, “Finite element analyses of mode I interlaminar delamination in z-fiber reinforced composite laminates,” Composites Science and Technology, 63, 1815-1832 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. L. C. Dickinson, G. L. Farley, and M. K. Hinders, “Prediction of effective three-dimensional elastic constants of translaminar reinforced composites,” Journal of Composite Materials, 33, 1002-29 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. D.J. Barrett, “The mechanics of z-fiber reinforcement,” Compos. Struct., 36, 23-32 (1996). D. J. Barrett, “The mechanics of z-fiber reinforcement,” Compos. Struct., 36, 23-32 (1996).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. H. Mick, “Micro-sculptures give metal the Velcro touch,” New Sci, 182, Iss. 2447, 8-21 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was performed with the financial support FP7 KhAI-ERA project “Integrating the National Aerospace University “KhAI” into ERA” (GA No 294311) and NETME Centre built in the frame NETME Centre project “New Technologies for Mechanical Engineering” (Reg. No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0002) with the financial support from the Operational Program Research and Development for Innovations of Czech Republic.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. Symonov.

Additional information

Translated from Mekhanika Kompozitnykh Materialov, Vol. 55, No. 5, pp. 951-968, September-October, 2019.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Beketova, G., Shevtsova, M. & Symonov, V. Static and Fatigue Characteristics of Pinned Metal-Composite Joints. Mech Compos Mater 55, 655–666 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11029-019-09842-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11029-019-09842-9

Keywords

Navigation