Notes
The thrust of propellers also needed to be explained, but this problem was eventually solved using the same methods as lift, by considering the propeller as a twisted wing (Vincenti 1990).
References
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Schatzberg, Eric. 1999. Wings of wood, wings of metal: Culture and technical choice in American airplane materials, 1914–1945. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Vincenti, Walter G. 1990. What engineers know and how they know it: Analytical studies from aeronautical history. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
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Schatzberg, E. Why airplanes fly: The Strong Programme and the theory of lift . Metascience 22, 611–616 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11016-013-9790-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11016-013-9790-6