The technologies that are used to make hollow ingots are analyzed. Their characteristic features are discussed along with their intrinsic advantages and disadvantages. A new technology that significantly alleviates the formation of defective regions in hollow ingots during their crystallization is proposed.
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Translated from Metallurg, No. 9, pp. 53–58, September, 2012. Original article submitted July 9, 2012.
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Nazaratin, V.V., Kobelev, O.A., Efimov, M.V. et al. Analysis of technologies used to make hollow ingots and prospects for their improvement. Metallurgist 56, 672–678 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-013-9634-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-013-9634-z