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Drivability analysis of through-the-road-parallel hybrid vehicles

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Abstract

In the last decade, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have spread worldwide due to their capability to reduce fuel consumption. Several studies focused on the optimisation of the energy management system of hybrid vehicles are available in literature, whilst there are few articles dealing with the drivability and the dynamics of these new powertrain systems. In this paper a ‘Through-the-Road-Parallel HEV’ is analysed. This architecture is composed of an internal combustion engine mounted on the front axle and an electric motor powering the rear one. These two powertrains are not directly connected to each other, as the parallel configuration is implemented through the road-tyre force interaction. The main purpose of this paper is the drivability analysis of this layout of HEVs, using linearised mathematical models in both time (i.e. vehicle response during tip-in tests) and frequency domain (i.e. frequency response functions), considering the effect of the engaged gear ratio. The differences from a traditional Front-Wheel-Drive (FWD) configuration are subsequently highlighted. Furthermore, the authors compare different linearised dynamic models, with an increasing number of degrees of freedom, in order to assess which model represents the best compromise between complexity and quality of the results. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the influence of the torque distribution between the front (thermal) and rear (electric) axles on vehicle drivability is carried out and presented in detail.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Meccanica, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy

    E. Galvagno, D. Morina & M. Velardocchia

  2. Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK

    A. Sorniotti

Authors
  1. E. Galvagno
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  2. D. Morina
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  3. A. Sorniotti
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  4. M. Velardocchia
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to E. Galvagno.

Appendix: Model parameters

Appendix: Model parameters

Description

Value

Unit

Vehicle

  m sm

1030

kg

  m us,f =m us,r

50

kg

  C d

0.32

–

  S v

2.04

m2

  ρ

1.204

kg/m3

  a s

0.890

m

  b s

1.620

m

Electric motor

 Maximum Power

19.3

kW

 Maximum Torque

82

N m

 Base Speed

2200

rpm

 Maximum Speed

8000

rpm

  J m

0.09

kg m2

  τ m

0.0013

s

Gasoline engine (FWD)

 Peak Power

58 at 6000 rpm

kW

 Peak Torque

115 at 3300 rpm

N m

  J e

0.115

kg m2

  τ e

\(2.7 / \dot{\vartheta_{e}}\)

s

Front driveline

  J c

0.020

kg m2

  K cd

573.0

N m/rad

  β cd

4.900

N m s/rad

  i g,f [1st …5th]

[3.91 2.16 1.48 1.12 0.92]

–

  i df,f

3.73

–

  η g,f

0.98

–

  η df,f

0.98

–

  K hs,f,L

4800

N m/rad

  K hs,f,R

3200

N m/rad

  J df,f

0.065

kg m2

Rear driveline

  i g,r [low high]

[3 2]

–

  i df,r

3.7

–

  η g,r

0.98

–

  η df,r

0.98

–

  K hs,r,L

5800

N m/rad

  K hs,r,R

4260

N m/rad

  J df,r

0.065

kg m2

Tyre

  R w

0.294

m

  J w (single)

0.695

kg m2

  f 0

0.0142

–

  K

9.033e-006

(s/m)2

  K t,z

200000

N/m

  β t,z

1000

N s/m

  C s,f

51000

N

  C s,r

34000

N

  L r,f =L r,r

0.15

m

Suspension system

  K su,f

16500

N/m

  K su,r

17000

N/m

  β su,f

1220

N s/m

  β su,r

1260

N s/m

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Galvagno, E., Morina, D., Sorniotti, A. et al. Drivability analysis of through-the-road-parallel hybrid vehicles. Meccanica 48, 351–366 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-012-9606-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-012-9606-6

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