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Co-simulation to evaluate acceleration performance and fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles

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Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The vehicle longitudinal dynamics estimates the requested power to attend a specific route by means of the motion resistance forces such as aerodynamic drag and rolling resistance as well as factors related to the road grade and driver behavior. In high speeds and accelerations stretches proposed by the US06 standard, the conventional 1.0 l Brazilian vehicles do not achieve the required velocity. One alternative to increase the vehicle speed is to use a combination of gear shifting strategies because it changes the engine operating point. The hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are also an alternative to increase the vehicle performance and reduce the fuel consumption, maintaining the safety and trustworthiness of the conventional vehicles. The aim of this paper is to compare a conventional vehicle with a parallel HEV in terms of dynamic behavior and also to analyze the influence of the gear shifting tactics in both vehicle configurations. The analyses were performed through co-simulation between the multibody dynamics software Adams™ and Matlab/Simulink™ where the power demand was defined based on the motion resistance forces equations.

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Abbreviations

A :

Vehicle frontal area (m2)

a :

Acceleration (m/s2)

\(C_{\rm d}\) :

Drag coefficient

\(C_{\rm e}\) :

Specific fuel consumption (g/(k Wh))

\(C_l\) :

Volumetric fuel consumption (l/h)

\({\rm CR}_n\) :

Total charge removed (Ah)

D :

Damping constant (Ns/m)

\(D_{\rm a}\) :

Aerodynamic drag (N)

DC:

Direct current

DoD:

Depth of discharge (%)

\(E_{\rm a}\) :

Back EMF (V)

ECU:

Engine control unit

EM:

Electric motor

F :

Traction force (N)

\(F_n\) :

Traction force (N)

HEV:

Hybrid electric vehicle

ICE:

Internal combustion engine

I :

Inertia (kg m2)

\(I_{\rm a}\) :

Armature current (A)

\(I_{\rm ref}\) :

Reference current (A)

k :

Coefficient of Peukert

\(K_{\rm t}\) :

Torque constant (N m/A)

\(K_{\rm e}\) :

Back EMF constant (V s/rad)

L :

Electrical inductance (H)

M :

Vehicle mass (kg)

N :

Transmission ratio

n :

Number of clutch faces

\(P_b\) :

Battery power demand (W)

Pot :

Battery available power (W)

PI:

Proportional and integral

PMS:

Power management system

\(t_r\) :

Tire external radius (m)

R :

Correlation coefficient

r :

Electrical resistance (\(\Omega\))

\(R_o\) :

Clutch external radius (m)

\(R_i\) :

Clutch internal radius (m)

\(R_x\) :

Rolling resistance (N)

T :

Torque (Nm)

Vel :

Vehicle speed (m/s)

V :

Electrical voltage (V)

\(V_{\rm t}\) :

Armature voltage (V)

\(\eta\) :

Efficiency

\(\rho\) :

Air density (kg/m\(^3\))

\(\rho _{\rm f}\) :

Fuel density (kg/m\(^3\))

\(\omega\) :

Angular velocity (rad/s)

\(\mu\) :

Friction coefficient

a :

Armature

lo :

Load

cl :

Clutch

d :

Differential

e :

Engine

el :

Electrical

EM :

Electric motor

gd :

Differential + gearbox

g :

Gearbox

p :

Powertrain

w :

Wheels and tires

x :

Longitudinal direction

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Acknowledgments

This work was conducted during scholarships supported by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 200 Mendeleyev Street, Campinas, SP, 13083970, Brazil

    Jony J. Eckert, Fabio M. Santiciolli, Ludmila C. A. Silva, Eduardo S. Costa & Franco G. Dedini

  2. Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Ponta Grossa, UTFPR Monteiro Lobato Avenue, Jardim Carvalho, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84016210, Brazil

    Fernanda C. Corrêa

Authors
  1. Jony J. Eckert
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  2. Fabio M. Santiciolli
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  3. Ludmila C. A. Silva
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  4. Eduardo S. Costa
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  5. Fernanda C. Corrêa
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  6. Franco G. Dedini
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Correspondence to Jony J. Eckert.

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Technical Editor: Marcelo A. Savi.

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Eckert, J.J., Santiciolli, F.M., Silva, L.C.A. et al. Co-simulation to evaluate acceleration performance and fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 39, 53–66 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-015-0484-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-015-0484-4

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