Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is related to a problem in the gut-brain axis. This experimental research aimed to shed light on the potential therapeutic application of elderberry (EB), which can work on the axis and get better the IBS symptoms. There were three groups (36 Sprague-Dawley rats) in this experiment, including control, IBS, and IBS with EB diet (IBS + EB). Making use of intracolonic instillation of 1 ml of 4% acetic acid for 30 s, IBS was induced. 7 days later, the EB extract (2%) was added to the diets of all animals for 8 weeks. Some histological, behavioral, and stereological techniques were used to detect the effects of EB on the gut and brain tissues. The findings showed that the EB diet improved locomotion and decreased anxiety-like behavior in the rat models of IBS. Moreover, the diet dropped the expression of TNF-α and increased mucosal layer thickness and the number of goblet and mast cells in colon tissue samples. In the hippocampal samples, administration of EB prevented astrogliosis and astrocyte reactivity. Although hippocampal and cortical neurons decreased markedly in the IBS group, EB prevented the drop in the number of neurons. Although lots of research is needed to elucidate the effectiveness of EB in IBS and its exact molecular mechanism, the result of this study showed that EB as an antioxidant and immune-modulatory agent could be a promising research target to prevent the impairment in the gut-brain axis, and could ameliorative classic IBS symptoms.
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Acknowledgements
We are thankful for the funding provided by the Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Registration No: 32321).
Funding
This work was supported by the Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (grant number: 32321).
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AA and MAA designed and conceived the study, analyzed and interpreted the data, and revised the manuscript for intellectual contents; IM and SZ wrote the manuscript; SS, MM and KV revised the manuscript; MF, AG, AHB, AHT and NE performed the experiments; KN and MHM had a crucial role in data collection and revised the manuscript and drafted the manuscript for the intellectual content.
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The ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences approved this animal experiment (IR.SBMU.RETECH.REC.1400.1230).
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Namakin, K., Moghaddam, M.H., Sadeghzadeh, S. et al. Elderberry diet improves gut-brain axis dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment in the rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. Metab Brain Dis 38, 1555–1572 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-023-01187-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-023-01187-6