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Pathology and prevention of brain microvascular and neuronal dysfunction induced by a high-fructose diet in rats

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Abstract

A high-fructose diet causes metabolic abnormalities in rats, and the cluster of complications points to microvascular and neuronal disorders of the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate i) the involvement of microvascular disorders and neuronal plasticity in the deleterious effects of a high-fructose diet on the rat brain and ii) a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of Phytocollection therapy (with antidiabetic, antioxidant, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities) compared to Galantamine as first-line therapy for dementia and Diabeton as first-line therapy for hyperglycemia. The calcium adenosine triphosphate non-injection histoangiological method was used to assess capillary network diameter and density. A high-fructose diet resulted in a significant decrease in the diameter and density of the capillary bed, and pharmacological manipulations had a modulatory effect on microcirculatory adaptive mechanisms. In vivo single-unit extracellular recording was used to investigate short-term plasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex. Differences in the parameters of spike background activity and expression of excitatory and inhibitory responses of cortical neurons have been discovered, allowing for flexibility and neuronal function stabilization in pathology and pharmacological prevention. Integration of the coupling mechanism between microvascular function and neuronal spike activity could delay the progressive decline in cognitive function in rats fed a high fructose diet.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroendocrine Relationships Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia

    V. A. Chavushyan, K. V. Simonyan, L. G. Avetisyan, A. S. Isoyan, A. G. Lorikyan & L. M. Sukiasyan

  2. Histochemistry and Electron Microscopy Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia

    M. H. Danielyan

  3. Sensorimotor Integration Lab, Orbeli Institute of Physiology NAS RA, 0028, Yerevan, Armenia

    L. V. Darbinyan

  4. G.S. Davtyan Institute of Hydroponics Problems NAS RA, 0082, Yerevan, Armenia

    L. E. Hovhannisyan & M. A. Babakhanyan

  5. Yerevan State Medical University After M. Heratsi, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia

    L. M. Sukiasyan

Authors
  1. V. A. Chavushyan
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  2. K. V. Simonyan
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  3. M. H. Danielyan
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  4. L. G. Avetisyan
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  5. L. V. Darbinyan
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  6. A. S. Isoyan
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  7. A. G. Lorikyan
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  8. L. E. Hovhannisyan
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  9. M. A. Babakhanyan
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  10. L. M. Sukiasyan
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Contributions

VAC, KVS, MHD, LGA, ASI, AGL, LMS, LEH, MAB conducted the experiments. All authors contributed to analyzing and discussing the results. KVS, LVD and VAC wrote the paper. All authors have read and approved of the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. V. Simonyan.

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The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The experimental protocol corresponded to the conditions of the European Communities Council Directive (2010/63/ UE) and it was approved by the Ethics committee of the Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi (IRB Approval N4, November 15, 2018).

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Chavushyan, V.A., Simonyan, K.V., Danielyan, M.H. et al. Pathology and prevention of brain microvascular and neuronal dysfunction induced by a high-fructose diet in rats. Metab Brain Dis 38, 269–286 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-01098-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-022-01098-y

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