Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Protein phosphatase-2A is activated in pig brain following cardiac arrest and resuscitation

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Metabolic Brain Disease Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Protein phosphatase-2A (PP-2A) interacts with several regulators of cell death pathways and is therefore a potential component of signaling pathways linking global cerebral ischemia to cell death. Using a novel procedure to quantify PP-2A activity, we find that cardiac arrest with resuscitation and reperfusion leads to activation of PP-2A by 1.6-fold in pig brain extract and by 3.4-fold after partial purification of PP-2A. This is the first demonstration of PP-2A activation in a clinically relevant model of transient global cerebral ischemia. These results suggest that inhibition of PP-2A activity may be neuroprotective in global cerebral ischemia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aronowski J, Grotto JC, Waxhan MN (1992) Ischemia-induced translocation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II: potential role in neuronal damage. J Neurochem 58:1743–1753

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blanck TJJ, Halle M, Xu F, Heerdt P, Beckmann J, Kang R, Adamo A, Hemmings Jr HC (2000) Isoflurane pretreatment ameliorates postischemic neurological dysfunction and preserves hippocampal Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in a canine cardiac arrest model. Anesthesiology 93:1285–1283

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford AA (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 76:248–254

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bright R, Raval AP, Dembner JM, Perez-Pinzon MA, Steinberg GK, Yenari MA, Mochly-Rosen D (2004) Protein kinase Cd mediates cerebral reperfusion injury in vivo. J Neurosci 24:6880–6888

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang CW, Harris G, Ellig C, Masters SC, Subramanian R, Shenolikar S, Wadszinski BE, Yang E (2002) Protein phosphatase-2A activates proapoptotic function of BAD in interleukin-3-dependent lymphoid cells by a mechansim requiring 14–3–3 dissociation. Blood 2001(97):1289–1297

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi DW (1992) Excitotoxic cell death. J Neurobiol 23:1261–1276

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Churn SB, Taft WC, Billingsley MS, Sankaran B, DeLorenzo RJ (1992) Global forebrain ischemia induces a posttranslational modification of multifunctional calcium- and calmodulin-dependent kinase II. J Neurochem 59:1221–1232

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cicchillitti L, Fasanaro P, Biglioli P, Capogrossi MC, Martelli F (2003) Oxidative stress induces protein phosphatase-2A-dependent dephosphorylation of the pocket proteins pRb, p107, and p130. J Biol Chem 278:19509–19517

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen P (1989) The structure and regulation of protein phosphatases. Annu Rev Biochem 58:453–508

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen P, Alemany S, Hemmings BA, Resink TJ, Stralfors P, Tung HYL (1988) Protein phosphatase-1 and protein phosphatase-2A from rabbit skeletal muscle. Methods Enzymol 159:390–409

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen P, Holmes CF, Tsukitani Y (1990) Okadaic acid: a new probe for the study of cellular regulation. Trends Biochem Sci 15:98–102

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farber JL, Chien KR, Mittnacht Jr S (1981) The pathogenesis of irreversible cell injury in ischemia. Am J Pathol 102:271–281

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia A, Cayla X, Guergnon J, Dassauge F, Hospital V, Rebollo MP, Fleisher A, Rebollo A (2003) Serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A are key players in apoptosis. Biochimie 85:721–726

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gedeborg R, Silander HC, Rubertsson S, Wiklund L (2001) Cerebral ischaemia in experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation -comparison of epinephrine and aortic occlusion. Resuscitation 50:319–329

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giffard RG (2000) Cell apoptosis in cerebral pathophysiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 17:9–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg MP, Choi DW (1993) Combined oxygen and glucose deprivation in cortical cell culture. J Neurosci 13:3510–3524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grinyo JM (1997) Reperfusion injury. Transplant Proc 29:622–632

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemmings Jr HC, Williams KR, Konigsberg WH, Greengard P (1984) DARPP-32, a dopamine- and adenosine 3’:5’-monophosphate-regulated neuronal phosphoprotein. I. Amino acid sequence around the phosphorylated threonine. J Biol Chem 259:14486–14490

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hori M, Magae J, Han Y-G, Hartshorne DJ, Haraki H (1991) A novel protein phosphatase inhibitor, tautomycin. FEBS Lett 285:145–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu B-R, Wieloch T (1995) Persistent translocation of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II to synaptic junctions in the vulnerable hippocampal CA1 region following transient ischemia. J Neurochem 64:277–284

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingebritsen TS, Cohen P (1983) The protein phosphatases involved in cellular regulation. 1. Classification and substrate specificities. Eur J Biochem 132:255–261

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingebritsen TS, Stewart AA, Cohen P (1983) The protein phosphatases involved in cellular regulation. 6. Measurement of type-1 and type-2 protein phosphatases in extracts of mammalian tissues; an assessment of their physiological roles. Eur J Biochem 132:297–307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jannssens V, Goris J (2001) protein phosphatase-2A: a highly regulated family of serine/threonine phosphatases implicated in cell growth and signaling. Biochem J 353:417–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Janoo A, Morrow PW, Tung HYL (2005) Activation of protein phosphatase-2A1 by HIV-1 Vpr cell death causing peptide in intact CD4+ T cells and in vitro. J Cell Biochem 94:816–825

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinberger T (2000) Induction of apoptosis by adenovirus E4orf4 protein. Apoptosis 5:211–215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klumpp S, Krieglstein J (2002) Serine/threonine protein phosphatases in apoptosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2:458–462

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipton P (1999) Ischemic cell death in brain neurons. Physiol Rev 79:1431–1568

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lipton SA, Rosenberg PA (1994) Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders. N Engl J Med 330:613–622

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu X, Nozari A, Basu S, Ronquist G, Rubertsson S, Wiklund L (2002) Neurological outcome after experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a result of delayed and potentially treatable neuronal injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 46:537–546

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Love S (2003) Apoptosis and brain ischemia. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Pyschiatry 27:267–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin de la Vega C, Burda J, Salinas M (2001) Ischemia-induced inhibition of the initiation factor 2a phosphatase activity in the rat brain. NeuroReport 12:1021–1025

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin de la Vega C, Burda J, Lobo MVT, Salinas M (2002) Cerebral postischemic reperfusion-induced demethylation of the protein phosphatase-2A catalytic subunit. J Neurosci Res 69:540–549

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin LJ, Al-Abdulla NA, Brambrink AM, Kirsch JR, Sieber FE, Portera-Cailliau C (1998) Neurodegeneration in excitotoxicity, global cerebral ischemia, and target deprivation: a perspective on contributions of apoptosis and necrosis. Brain Res Bull 46:281–309

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Motulsky HJ (2003) Prism 4 statistics guide—statistical analyses for laboratory and clinical researchers. Graphpad Software, Inc. San Diego, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • Olney JW (1969) Brain lesion, obesity and other disturbances in mice treated with monosodium glutamate. Science 164:719–721

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rothman SM, Olney JW (1986) Glutamate and the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Ann Neurol 19:105–111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shamloo M, Wieloch T (1999) Changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the rat brain after cerebral ischemia in a model of ischemic tolerance. J Cerebral Blood Flow Metabol 19:173–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shamloo M, Kamme F, Wieloch T (2000) Subcellular distribution and autophosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-alpha in rat hippocampus in a model of ischemic tol erance. Neuroscience 96:665–674

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shtrichman R, Sharf R, Barr H, Dobner T, Kleinberger T (1999) Induction of apoptosis by adenovirus E4orf4 protein is specific in transformed cells and requires an interaction with protein phosphatase-2A. Proc Natl Acad Sci 96:10080–10085

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siesjo BK (1988) Mechanisms of ischemic brain damage. Crit Care Med 16:954–963

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siesjo BK, Zhao Q, Pahlmark K, Siesjo P, Katsura K, Folbergrova J (1995) Glutamate, calcium and free radicals as mediators of ischemic brain damage. Ann Thorac Surg 59:1316–1320

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Small DL, Buchanan AM (1996) Mechanisms of cerebral ischemia: intracellular cascades and therapeutic interventions. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 10:139–146

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura Y, Smizu S, Osada H (2004) The phosphorylation status and anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2 are regulated by ERK and protein phosphatase-2A on the mitochondria. FEBS Lett 569:249–255

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tung HYL, Reed LJ (1989) Purification and characterization of protein phosphatase-1I activating kinase from bovine brain cytosolic and particulate fractions. J Biol Chem 264:2985–2990

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tung HYL, Alemany S, Cohen P (1985) The protein phosphatases involved in cellular regulation. 2. Purification, subunit structure and properties of protein phosphatase-2A0, 2A1 and 2A2 from rabbit skeletal muscle. Eur J Biochem 148:253–263

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tung HYL, De Rocquigny H, Zhao L-J, Cayla X, Roques BP, Ozon R (1997) Direct activation of protein phosphatase-2A0 by HIV-1 encoded protein complex NCp7:Vpr. FEBS Lett 401:197–201

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Hoof C, Goris J (2003) Phosphatases in apoptosis: to be or not to be, PP2A is in the heart of the question. Biochim Biophys Acta 1640:97–104

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wieloch T, Hu BR, Boris-Moller A, Cardell M, Kamme F, Kurihara J, Sakata K (1996) Intracellular signal transduction in the postischemic brain. Adv Neurol 71:371–387

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang SD, Fung Y-L (1985) Identification and characterization of an ATP.Mg-dependent protein phosphatase from pig brain. J Biol Chem 260:13464–13470

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yung HW, Tolkovsky AM (2003) Erasure of kinase phosphorylation in astrocytes during oxygen-glucose deprivation is controlled by ATP levels and activation of protein phosphatases. J Neurochem 86:1281–1288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This work was supported in part by the Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and the Phaekhim-Sekekos Foundation Fund for Biomedical Research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. Y. L. Tung.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhang, T.T., Platholi, J., Heerdt, P.M. et al. Protein phosphatase-2A is activated in pig brain following cardiac arrest and resuscitation. Metab Brain Dis 23, 95–104 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-007-9074-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-007-9074-1

Keywords

Navigation