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Microtubules as a potential platform for energy transfer in biological systems: a target for implementing individualized, dynamic variability patterns to improve organ function

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Abstract

Variability characterizes the complexity of biological systems and is essential for their function. Microtubules (MTs) play a role in structural integrity, cell motility, material transport, and force generation during mitosis, and dynamic instability exemplifies the variability in the proper function of MTs. MTs are a platform for energy transfer in cells. The dynamic instability of MTs manifests itself by the coexistence of growth and shortening, or polymerization and depolymerization. It results from a balance between attractive and repulsive forces between tubulin dimers. The paper reviews the current data on MTs and their potential roles as energy-transfer cellular structures and presents how variability can improve the function of biological systems in an individualized manner. The paper presents the option for targeting MTs to trigger dynamic improvement in cell plasticity, regulate energy transfer, and possibly control quantum effects in biological systems. The described system quantifies MT-dependent variability patterns combined with additional personalized signatures to improve organ function in a subject-tailored manner. The platform can regulate the use of MT-targeting drugs to improve the response to chronic therapies. Ongoing trials test the effects of this platform on various disorders.

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Abbreviations

MTs:

Microtubules

AFs:

Actin filaments

Ifs:

Intermediate filaments

GTP:

Guanosine-5'-triphosphate

MAPs:

Microtubule-associated proteins

PCAF:

P300/CBP-associated factor

EB1:

End binding 1

TIPs:

Plus-end tracking proteins

IFT:

Intraflagellar transport

CP110:

Centriolar coiled coil protein 110

PACRG:

Parkin coregulated gene

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

TTs:

C-terminal tails

VDAC:

Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel

Trp:

Tryptophan

RET:

Resonance energy transfer

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

CNS:

Central nervous system

CaMKII:

Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinase II

Orch OR:

Orchestrated objective reduction

OR:

Objective reduction

QMT:

Quantum mobility theory

POCD:

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction

CBS:

Colchicine binding site

FMF:

Familial Mediterranean fever

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  1. Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Center, POB 1200, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel

    Yaron Ilan

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Ilan, Y. Microtubules as a potential platform for energy transfer in biological systems: a target for implementing individualized, dynamic variability patterns to improve organ function. Mol Cell Biochem 478, 375–392 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-022-04513-1

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