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Atherosclerosis: nexus of vascular dynamics and cellular cross talks

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the foremost cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology behind CVDs. Atherosclerosis is manifested predominantly by lipid deposition, plaque formation, and inflammation in vascular intima. Initiation and progression of plaque require many years. With aging, atherosclerotic plaques become vulnerable. Localization of these plaques in the coronary artery leads to myocardial infarction. A complete understanding of the pathophysiology of this multifaceted disease is necessary to achieve the clinical goal to provide early diagnosis and the best therapeutics. The triggering factors of atherosclerosis are biomechanical forces, hyperlipidemia, and chronic inflammatory response. The current review focuses on crucial determinants involved in the disease, such as location, hemodynamic factors, oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, and the role of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and immune cells, and better therapeutic targets.

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Acknowledgements

We apologize to all the researchers whose work was not cited due to space limitations.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Food and Nutrition project, Department of Biotechnology, India: Grant BT/PR6327/FNS/20/606/2012. ICMR Grant No: 2019-2605/CMB/Adhoc-BMS ; RUSA 2.0, Biologicals Sciences, Bharathidasan University, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Drug Discovery and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India

    Divya Dasagrandhi & Jayachandran Kesavan Swaminathan

  2. Molecular Neurogerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India

    Anusuyadevi Muthuswamy

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  1. Divya Dasagrandhi
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  2. Anusuyadevi Muthuswamy
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  3. Jayachandran Kesavan Swaminathan
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Divya Dasagrandhi has conceptualized, did the literature search, and has written the first draft of the manuscript. Anusuyadevi Muthuswamy provided valuable suggestions and corrected the manuscript. Jayachandran Kesavan Swaminathan added valuable suggestions, and monitored and corrected the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jayachandran Kesavan Swaminathan.

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Dasagrandhi, D., Muthuswamy, A. & Swaminathan, J.K. Atherosclerosis: nexus of vascular dynamics and cellular cross talks. Mol Cell Biochem 477, 571–584 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-021-04307-x

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