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Current updates on precision therapy for breast cancer associated brain metastasis: Emphasis on combination therapy

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Abstract

Cancer therapies have undergone a tremendous progress over the past decade. Precision medicine provides a more tailored approach, making the combination of existing therapies more precise. Different types of cancers are characterized by unique biomarkers that are targeted using various genomic approaches by clinicians and companies worldwide to achieve efficient treatment with minimal side effects. Precision medicine has two broad approaches namely stratified and personalized medicine. The driver mutations could vary within a subtype while the same driver mutations could be found across different subtypes. Precision medicine has recently gained a lot of importance for breast cancer therapy. Various kinds of mutations like hotspot mutations, gene alterations, gene amplification mutations are targeted to design a more specific therapy. Apart from these known gene mutations there are various unknown mutations. Thus, tumor heterogeneity can pose a challenge to precision medicine. For breast cancer, one of the most successful models developed in case of precision medicine is the anti-HER2 therapies as HER2 was considered to have the worst prognosis being highly malignant. But now due to the advent of HER2 receptor targeted therapies, it has a good prognosis. Moreover, precision medicine helps in identifying if the drug molecules being used for the treatment of one kind of cancer can be beneficial in the treatment of another kind of cancer as well, considering the signaling pathways and machinery is similar in most of the cancers. This reduces the time for new drug development and is economically more feasible. Precision medicine will prove to be very advantageous in case of brain metastasis.

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Acknowledgements

Seema Sehrawat acknowledges the funding support from Core Research Grant from Department of Science and Technology (DST-SERB), Govt. of India. Shiv Nadar Foundation is acknowledged for providing the PhD fellowship to Mr. Masoom Raza. Dr. Naveen Kumar is supported as an RA by the DST Grant obtained by Dr. Seema Sehrawat (as PI).

Funding

Funding was provided by Science and Engineering Research Board (Grant No. EMR/2017/003312).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Precision NeuroOncology & NeuroVascular Disease Modeling Group, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, India

    Masoom Raza, Naveen Kumar, Gehna Luthra, Ushosi Bhattacharyya, Smruthi Jayasundar & Seema Sehrawat

  2. Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, Oxford Fertility, Oxford Business Park North, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX4 2HW, UK

    Uttara Nair

  3. Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance & MRI, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India

    Rama Jayasundar

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  1. Masoom Raza
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Raza, M., Kumar, N., Nair, U. et al. Current updates on precision therapy for breast cancer associated brain metastasis: Emphasis on combination therapy. Mol Cell Biochem 476, 3271–3284 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-021-04149-7

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