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Changes in metabolic proteins in ex vivo rat retina during glutamate-induced neural progenitor cell induction

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Abstract

Understanding how energy metabolism and related proteins influence neural progenitor cells in adult tissues is critical for developing new strategies in clinical tissue regeneration therapy. We have recently reported that a subtoxic concentration of glutamate-induced neural progenitor cells in the mature ex vivo rat retina. We herein explore changes in the metabolic pathways during the process. We firstly observed an increase in lactate and lactate dehydrogenase concentration in the glutamate-treated retina. We then investigated the levels of glycolytic enzymes and confirmed significant upregulation of pyruvate kinase M type (PKM), especially PKM2, enolase, phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), and inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH1) in the glutamate-treated retina compared to the untreated retina. An analysis of the subcellular localization of PKM2 revealed nuclear translocation in the treated retina, which has been reported to regulate cell cycle proliferation and glycolytic enzymes. Our findings indicate that the mature rat retina undergoes an increase in aerobic glycolysis. PKM2, both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, may thus play an important role during neural progenitor cell induction, as it does in other proliferating cells.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Yukari Mizuno and Shizuka Murata for technical assistance and support. Immunoblot detection by LAS-1000 and colorimetric measurement by iMark were carried out at the Gene Research Centre of Yamaguchi University. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan (No. 26293373 to Koh-Hei Sonoda).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan

    Kazuhiro Tokuda, Masaaki Kobayashi & Kazuhiro Kimura

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan

    Kazuhiro Tokuda, Yasuhiro Kuramitsu, Byron Baron, Takao Kitagawa & Kazuyuki Nakamura

  3. Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, MSD2080, Malta

    Byron Baron

  4. Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, 755-8505, Japan

    Nobuko Tokuda

  5. Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Koh-Hei Sonoda

Authors
  1. Kazuhiro Tokuda
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  2. Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
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  3. Byron Baron
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  4. Takao Kitagawa
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Correspondence to Yasuhiro Kuramitsu.

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Tokuda, K., Kuramitsu, Y., Baron, B. et al. Changes in metabolic proteins in ex vivo rat retina during glutamate-induced neural progenitor cell induction. Mol Cell Biochem 419, 177–184 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-016-2769-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-016-2769-z

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