Abstract
In this paper, we study some asymptotic properties for the Bernstein estimators of the limit distribution function and the limit density function under a triangular sample. Specifically, we obtain the uniform strong consistency, mean squared error (MSE) and mean integrated squared error (MISE) for the resulting estimators. In addition, we give the optimal choice of the bandwidth parameter m in terms of the sample size n, for both the MSE and MISE. Numerical simulations are presented to show that the Bernstein estimators outperform Gaussian kernel estimators in terms of MISE under a triangular sample.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
All data generated during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Babu GJ, Chaubey YP (2006) Smooth estimation of a distribution and density function on a hypercube using Bernstein polynomials for dependent random vectors. Statist Probab Lett 76(9):959–969
Babu GJ, Canty AJ, Chaubey YP (2002) Application of Bernstein polynomials for smooth estimation of a distribution and density function. J Statist Plann Inference 105(2):377–392
Belalia M (2016) On the asymptotic properties of the Bernstein estimator of the multivariate distribution function. Statist Probab Lett 110:249–256
Boucheron S, Lugosi G, Massart P (2013) Concentration inequalities. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Feller W (1971) An introduction to probability theory and its applications. Vol. II, 2nd edn. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York-London-Sydney
Gawronski W (1985) Strong laws for density estimators of Bernstein type. Period Math Hungar 16(1):23–43
Igarashi G, Kakizawa Y (2014) On improving convergence rate of Bernstein polynomial density estimator. J Nonparametr Stat 26(1):61–84
Kakizawa Y (2004) Bernstein polynomial probability density estimation. J Nonparametr Stat 16(5):709–729
Leblanc A (2010) A bias-reduced approach to density estimation using Bernstein polynomials. J Nonparametr Stat 22(3–4):459–475
Leblanc A (2012) On estimating distribution functions using Bernstein polynomials. Ann Inst Statist Math 64(5):919–943
Lu D, Wang L (2021) On the rates of asymptotic normality for Bernstein polynomial estimators in a triangular array. Methodol Comput Appl Probab 23(4):1519–1536
Lu D, Wang L, Yang J (2022) The stochastic convergence of Bernstein polynomial estimators in a triangular array. J Nonparametric Stat 1–28
Ouimet F (2021a) Asymptotic properties of Bernstein estimators on the simplex. J Multivariate Anal 185:Paper No. 104784
Ouimet F (2021b) On the Le Cam distance between Poisson and Gaussian experiments and the asymptotic properties of Szasz estimators. J Math Anal Appl 499(1):Paper No. 125033, 18
Ouimet F (2022) On the boundary properties of Bernstein estimators on the simplex. Open Statistics 3(1):1–15
Parzen E (1962) On estimation of a probability density function and mode. Ann Math Stat 33(3):1065–1076
Rosenblatt M (1956) Remarks on some nonparametric estimates of a density function. Ann Math Stat 27(3):832–837
Shorack GR (1979) The weighted empirical process of row independent random variables with arbitrary distribution functions. Statist. Neerlandica 33(4):169–189
Stadmüller U (1983) Asymptotic distributions of smoothed histograms. Metrika 30(3):145–158
Tenbusch A (1994) Two-dimensional Bernstein polynomial density estimators. Metrika 41(3–4):233–253
Terrell GR, Scott DW (1980) On improving convergence rates for nonnegative kernel density estimators. Ann Statist 8(5):1160–1163
Vitale RA (1975) Bernstein polynomial approach to density function estimation. In: Statistical inference and related topics (Proc. Summer Res. Inst. Statist. Inference for Stochastic Processes, Indiana Univ., Bloomington, Ind., 1974, Vol. 2; dedicated to Z. W. Birnbaum), pp 87–99
Wang L, Lu D (2022) On the rates of asymptotic normality for Bernstein density estimators in a triangular array. J Math Anal Appl 511(1): Paper No. 126063
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the anonymous referees for their remarks that contributed to improve the presentation.
Funding
Dawei Lu was supported by Dalian High-level Talent Innovation Program (Grant No. 2020RD09).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Lina Wang and Dawei Lu wrote the main manuscript text and Lina Wang prepared Figures 1–2. All authors reviewed the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Approval
Not applicable.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, L., Lu, D. Application of Bernstein Polynomials on Estimating a Distribution and Density Function in a Triangular Array. Methodol Comput Appl Probab 25, 56 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11009-023-10032-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11009-023-10032-3