Table 1 How previous studies on MTI can be interpreted according to Ruiz’s (1984) LPP orientation framework
Periods in Bajqinca (2019) | Boyd (2007) | Cabau (2014) | Salö et al. (2018) | SOU 2019:18 | Vuorsola (2019) | Bajqinca (2019) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1957 − 1965 | ML and multilingualism as problem | |||||
1966 − 1988 | weak ML and weak L2 as problem | ML as right and bilingualism as intrinsic resource | ||||
1989 − 1999 | MTI as extrinsic resource | Shift to ML as extrinsic resource | ||||
2000 − 2017 | ML as intrinsic and extrinsic resource | ML as extrinsic resource | NML as right | ML as intrinsic resource NML as right and extrinsic resource |