Abstract
This paper examines the historical and current connections between English language education policy and economic development policy in Singapore. Policy statements on English language education policy in Singapore are used to demonstrate the ways that English is given a role in economic development and modernization by government officials and educators. The discourse of policy statements on the economic utility and cultural value of languages is discussed with reference to Bourdieu’s concepts of capital and field. Comparative reference is made to policy statements on so-called “Mother Tongue.” The analysis provides background on language policy in Singapore and locates current reform efforts within that discourse.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- EL :
-
English Language
- MOE :
-
Ministry of Education
- PM:
-
Prime Minister
- SM:
-
Senior Minister
References
Evangelos Afrendas Eddie Kuo (Eds) (1980) Language and society in Singapore Singapore University Press Singapore
Lubna Alsagoff (2001) Tense and aspect in Singapore English B. Y. Ooi Vincent (Eds) Evolving identities: The English language system in Singapore and Malaysia Times Academic Press Singapore 79–88
May Yin Ang (2000) ArticleTitleDevelopment in the English language curriculum in Singapore TELL 16 IssueID2 3–8
Bokhorst-Heng, Wendy (1998). Language and imagining the nation in Singapore. Ph.D. dissertation, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (University of Toronto).
Pierre Bourdieu (1977) Outline of a theory of practice (trans Richard Nice) Cambridge University Press Cambridge
Pierre Bourdieu (1980) The logic of practice (trans. Richard Nice) Stanford University Press Stanford, California
Pierre Bourdieu (1986) The forms of capital John G. Richardson (Eds) Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education Greenwood Press New York 241–258
Bourdieu, Pierre (1991). Language & symbolic power, J. Thompson (Ed) (trans. G. Raymond & M. Adamson). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Jacques Bouveresse (1999) Rules, dispositions, and the habitus Richard Shusterman (Eds) Bourdieu: A critical reader Blackwell Oxford 45–63
Craig Calhoun (1993) Habitus, field, and capital: The question of historical specificity Craig Calhoun Edward LiPuma Moishe Postone (Eds) Bourdieu: Critical perspectives University of Chicago Press Chicago 61–88
Robert Cooper (1989) Language planning and social change Cambridge University Press Cambridge
InstitutionalAuthorNameCurriculum Planning and Development Division (2001) English language syllabus 2001 for primary and secondary schools Ministry of Education Singapore
InstitutionalAuthorNameEducation Study Team (1979) Report on the Ministry of Education, 1978 Ministry of Education Singapore
Norman Fairclough (1989) Language and power Longman Harlow, England
Norman Fairclough (2001) Language and power EditionNumber2 Longman Harlow, UK
Joseph A Foley (2001) Is English a first or second language in Singapore B. Y. Ooi Vincent (Eds) Evolving identities: The English language in Singapore and Malaysia Times Academic Press Singapore 12–32
Joseph Foley Thiru Kandiah Bao Zhiming Anthea Gupta Lubna Alsagoff Wee Lionel Lick Ho Chee Ismail S. Talib Bokhorst-Heng Wendy (1998) English in new cultural contexts: Reflections from Singapore Oxford University Press Oxford 127–151
Goh, Chok Tong (1993). Speak Mandarin Campaign Launch. Retrieved from http://mandarin.org.sg/history/history/htm on June 29, 2001.
Goh, Chok Tong (1999, September 4). Speech at the 70th Anniversary Celebration Dinner of the Teochew Poit Ip Huay Kuan. Singapore: Neptune Theatre Restaurant.
Goh, Chok Tong (2004, March 21). Speech at the Chinese High School’s 85th Anniversary and Hwa Chong Junior College’s 30th Anniversary Dinner. Retrieved from http://www.moe.gov.sg/speeches/ 2004/sp20040321.htm on April 26, 2004.
Saravanan Gopinathan (1980) Language policy in education: A Singapore perspective Evaneglos Afrendas Eddie Kuo (Eds) Language and society in Singapore Times Academic Press Singapore 175–202
Anthea Gupta (1989) ArticleTitleSingapore colloquial English and standard English Singapore Journal of Education 10 IssueID2 33–39
Anthea Gupta (1994) The step-tongue: Children’s English in Singapore Multilingual Matters Clevedon
Anthea Gupta (1998) The situation of English in Singapore Joseph Foley Thiru Kandiah Bao Zhiming Anthea Gupta Lubna Alsagoff Wee Lionel Lick Ho Chee Ismail S. Talib Bokhorst-Heng Wendy (Eds) English in new cultural contexts: Reflections from Singapore Oxford University Press Oxford 106–126
Hong, Xinyi (2001, June 2). Youth see no practical benefit in dialects. The Straits Times. Retrieved from Dow Jones Interactive.
Richard Jenkins (2002) Pierre Bourdieu EditionNumber2 Routledge New York
Braj B Kachru (1983) Models for non-native Englishes Braj B. Kachru (Eds) The other tongue: English across cultures Pergamon Press Oxford 31–57
Robert Kaplan Richard Baldauf (1997) Language planning from practice to theory Multilingual Matters Clevedon
Lee, Hsien Loong (2001, April 5). Speech at the Launch of the Speak Good English Movement. Retrieved from http://www.sprinter.gov.sg/ on April 26 2004.
Lee, Kuan Yew (1972, November 5). Speech at the Singapore Teachers’ Union: Traditional values and national identity. Shangri-La Hotel: Singapore.
Lee, Kuan Yew (1979). Reply to The Education Study Team Report. In Education Study Team, Report on the Ministry of Education, 1978. Singapore: Ministry of Education.
Lee, Kuan Yew (2000). From third world to first. The Singapore story: 1965–2000. Singapore: Singapore Press Holdings.
Lee, Kuan Yew (2004, June 23). Speech at the International Conference on National Boundaries and Cultural Configurations, 10th Anniversary Celebration of the Centre for Chinese Language and Culture, Nanyang Technological University. Singapore.
Saravanan Li Wei Ng Vanitha L. Hoon (1997) ArticleTitleLanguage shift in the Teochew community in Singapore: A family domain analysis Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 18 IssueID5 364–384
Lisa Lim (2001) Ethnic group varieties of Singapore English: Melody or harmony B. Y. Ooi Vincent (Eds) Evolving identities: The English language in Singapore and Malaysia Times Academic Press Singapore 53–68
Joseph Margolis (1999) Pierre Bourdieu: Habitus and the logic of practice Richard Shusterman (Eds) Bourdieu: A critical reader Blackwell Oxford 65–83
Noel McGinn (Eds) (2004) Learning through collaborative research. Taylor & Francis Boca Raton, Florida
MOE (2004). Refinements to primary school streaming. Press release. http://www. moe.gov.sg/press/2004/pr20040318.htm.
Anne Pakir (1991) ArticleTitleThe range and depth of English-knowing bilingualism in Singapore World Englishes 10 IssueID2 167–179
Anne Pakir (1994) English in Singapore: The codification of competing norms Saravanan Gopinathan Anne Pakir Wah Kam Ho Vanitha Saravanan (Eds) Language, society and education in Singapore: Issues and trends, 2nd edition. Times Academic Press Singapore 63–84
Anne Pakir (1997) Education and invisible language planning: The case of the English language in Singapore Jason Tan Saravanan Gopinathan Wah Kam Ho (Eds) Education in Singapore: A book of readings Prentice Hall Singapore 57–74
John Platt Heidi Weber (1980) English in Singapore and Malaysia: Status, features, functions Oxford University Press Kuala Lumpur
Promote Mandarin Council (n.d.). Speak Mandarin Campaign: History. Retrieved from http://www.mandarin.org.sg on January 10, 2001.
Derek Robbins (1991) The work of Pierre Bourdieu: Recognizing society Open University Press Milton Keynes, UK
Harold Schiffman (2003) ArticleTitleTongue-tied in Singapore: A language policy for Tamil Identity and Education Journal of Language 2 IssueID2 105–125
See, Lay Keng (2004, March 23). Be bold–revamp streaming policy altogether. The Straits Times. Retrieved from LexisNexis Scholastic in August 2004.
Silver, Rita Elaine (2002). Policies on English language education and economic development. In Rita E. Silver, Guangwei Hu, & Masakazu Iino (Ed). English language education in China, Japan and Singapore (pp. 101–169). [Monograph] Singapore: National Institute of Education.
Singstat (2000). Singapore census of population, 2000 – advance data release No. 3: Literacy and language. Released December 1, 2000. Retrieved from http:// www.singstat.gov.sg/ C2000/census.html on August 10, 2001.
Teo, Chee Hean (1999, August 1). Speech at the 10th Anniversary Celebrations of the Hindi Society and Hindi Centres. Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.sprinter.gov.sg/ on April 26, 2004.
Teo, Laurel (Feb 28, 2004). Chinese language, RIP? No, it’s getting a whiff of fresh air. The Straits Times, p. H20.
Thompson, John B (1991). Editor’s introduction. In Pierre Bourdieu (Ed). Language & symbolic power (ed. John Thompson, trans. Gino Raymond & Matthew Adamson) (pp 1–31). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
Lionel Wee (2003) ArticleTitleLinguistic instrumentalism in Singapore Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 24 IssueID3 211–224
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Silver, R.E. The Discourse Of Linguistic Capital: Language And Economic Policy Planning In Singapore. Lang Policy 4, 47–66 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-004-6564-4
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-004-6564-4