Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Identifying exemplary science teachers through students’ perceptions of their learning environment

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Learning Environments Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine students’ psychosocial perceptions of their science classroom learning environment in order to identify exemplary teachers. This mixed-method study used the valid and reliable What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire with over 3,000 middle school students in 150 classrooms in Australia. Exemplary teachers were defined as those whose students’ perceptions were more than one standard deviation above the mean for three of the five scales of Student Cohesiveness, Teacher Support, Involvement, Task Orientation and Equity. The reliability of the WIHIC scales ranged from 0.75 to 0.87. Eta2 showed that the WIHIC was able to distinguish between the perceptions of the students in the classroom. The construct validity of the WIHIC for identifying these exemplary teachers was confirmed through interviews with students and these views are reported in the article.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aldridge, J. M., & Fraser, B. J. (2000). Investigating classroom environments in Taiwan and Australia. The Journal of Educational Research, 93, 48–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Aldridge, J. M., Fraser, B. J., & Huang, T.-C. I. (1999). A cross-cultural study of classroom learning environments in Australia and Taiwan. Learning Environments Research, 3, 101–134. doi:10.1023/A:1026599727439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, J., Garrison, D., & Magnusson, K. (1996). The teaching and learning transaction in higher education: A study of promoting excellent teaching. Teaching in Higher Education, 1, 81–103. doi:10.1080/1356251960010107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borko, H., & Livingston, C. (1989). Cognition and improvisation: Differences in mathematics instruction by expert and student teachers. American Educational Research Journal, 26, 473–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chionh, Y. H., & Fraser, B. J. (in press). Classroom environment, achievement, attitudes and self esteem in geography and mathematics in Singapore. International Research in Geographical and Environmental Education.

  • Cruikshank, D. R. (1986). Profile of effective teacher. Educational Horizons, 64(2), 80–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • den Brok, P., Fisher, D., Rickards, T., & Bull, E. (2006). Californian science students’ perceptions of their classroom learning environments. Educational Research and Evaluation, 12(1), 3–25. doi:10.1080/13803610500392053.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dorman, J. P. (2003). Cross-national validation of the What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis. Learning Environments Research, 6, 231–245. doi:10.1023/A:1027355123577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkin, M. J. (1995). Concepts of teaching and teaching excellence in higher education. Higher Education Research & Development, 14(1), 21–33. doi:10.1080/0729436950140103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunkin, M. J., & Biddle, B. J. (1974). The study of teaching. New York: Rinehart & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flanders, N. (1970). Analysing teacher behaviour. Reading. MA: Addison-Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, B. J. (1991). Two decades of classroom environment research. In B. J. Fraser & H. Walberg (Eds.), Educational environments: Evaluation, antecedents and consequences (pp. 3–27). London: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, B. J. (1998a). Science learning environments: Assessment, effects and determinants. In B. J. Fraser & K. G. Tobin (Eds.), The international handbook of science education (pp. 527–564). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, B. J. (1998b). Classroom environment instruments: Development, validity and applications. Learning Environments Research, 1, 7–33. doi:10.1023/A:1009932514731.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, B. J., Fisher, D. L., & McRobbie, C. J. (1996, April). Development, validation, and use of personal and class forms of a new classroom environment instrument. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. New York.

  • Fraser, B., & Walberg, H. (Eds.). (1991). Educational environments: Evaluation, antecedents and consequences. Pergamon: Oxford.

  • Guba, G. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1989). Fourth generation evaluation. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hativa, N., Barak, R., & Simhi, E. (2001). Exemplary university teachers. The Journal of Higher Education, 72, 699–729. doi:10.2307/2672900.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2004). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches. Boston: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H., Fisher, D., & Fraser, B. (2000). Classroom environment and teacher interpersonal behaviour in secondary science classes in Korea. Evaluation and Research in Education, 14, 3–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krathwohl, D. R. (1998). Methods of educational and social science research: An integrated approach (2nd ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Margianti, E.S., Aldridge, J.M., & Fraser, B.J. (2004). Learning environment perceptions, attitudes and achievement among private Indonesian university students. International Journal of Private Higher Education. Retrieved 18 January 2005, from http://www.xaiu.com/xaiujournal/.

  • Mayer, D. (1999). Measuring instructional practice: Can policymakers trust survey data? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 21(1), 29–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medley, D. M. (1979). The effectiveness of teachers. In P. L. Peterson & H. J. Walberg (Eds.), Research on teaching: Concepts, findings, and implications (pp. 11–27). Berkeley, CA: McCutchan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuman, W. L. (2003). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Punch, K. F. (2005). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches (2nd ed.). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skamp, K. (Ed.). (2004). Teaching primary science constructively. Southbank, Australia: Thomson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobin, K., & Fraser, B. J. (1988). Investigations of exemplary practice in high school science and mathematics. Australian Journal of Education, 32(1), 75–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobin, K., & Fraser, B. J. (1990). What does it mean to be an exemplary teacher? Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 27, 3–25. doi:10.1002/tea.3660270103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Treagust, D. F. (1991). A case study of two exemplary biology teachers. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 28, 329–342. doi:10.1002/tea.3660280406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tytler, R., Waldrip, B. G., & Griffiths, M. (2004). Talking to effective teachers of primary science. International Journal of Science Education, 26, 171–194. doi:10.1080/0950069032000097370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van den Akker, J. (1998). The science curriculum: Between ideals and outcomes. In B. J. Fraser & K. G. Tobin (Eds.), The international handbook of science education (pp. 421–448). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walberg, H. J. (1969). Social environment as a mediator of classroom learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 60, 443–448. doi:10.1037/h0028499.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walberg, H. J., & Anderson, G. J. (1968). Classroom climate and individual learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 59, 414–419. doi:10.1037/h0026490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walberg, H. J., Fraser, B. J., & Welch, W. W. (1986). A test of a model of educational productivity among senior high school students. The Journal of Educational Research, 79, 133–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walberg, H. J., Pascarella, E., Haertel, G. D., Junker, L. K., & Boulanger, F. D. (1982). Probing a model of educational productivity in high school science with national assessment samples. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 295–307. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.74.3.295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waldrip, B., & Fisher, D. (2000). The development and validation of a learning environment questionnaire using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Journal of Classroom Interaction, 35, 25–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, S. J., & Fraser, B. J. (2008). Learning environment, attitudes and achievement among middle-school science students using inquiry-based laboratory activities. Research in Science Education, 38, 321–341. doi:10.1007/s11165-007-9052-y.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wubbels, T., Brekelmans, M., & Hooymayers, H. (1991). Interpersonal teacher behaviour in the classroom. In B. J. Fraser & H. J. Walberg (Eds.), Educational environments: Evaluation, antecedents and consequences (pp. 141–160). Oxford, UK: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research described in this article was supported in part by an Australian Research Council Discovery Grant DP0343626.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruce G. Waldrip.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Waldrip, B.G., Fisher, D.L. & Dorman, J. Identifying exemplary science teachers through students’ perceptions of their learning environment. Learning Environ Res 12, 1–13 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-008-9049-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-008-9049-0

Keywords

Navigation