Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The Fault of (European) Law in (Political and Social) Economic Crisis

  • Published:
Law and Critique Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is a commonplace that the discipline of economics has contributed to the current crisis, above all, because economic methodologies are charged with fatally inflating debt risk, such that collapse was the inevitable result. But what might be said of the role of law within this constellation? Much ink has been consumed detailing legal shortcomings within regulatory regimes for the financial services. However, a full accounting has yet to be made of the broader fault which may also be attributed to the premises of modern and increasingly post-national law, especially as they coalesce with a broader abdication of political responsibility for crisis. This contribution begins this accounting, investigating the processes by which law has transformed itself into an economic technology within post-national regimes in its contemporary quest for material legitimacy. Above all, in its idolatry of the factual, law has itself become a power locus—especially within the European Union—that similarly pre-empts the politics within which social and economic stability might be defined and achieved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. The commitment of the Bundesbank to price stability occurred within a densely corporatist web of cultural and political history, whereby post-war divestiture of monetary policy was politically co-ordinated with alternative macro-economic steering capacities such as wage restraint.

  2. The dedication of the ECB to price stability, demands that any increase in money supply due to Bank purchase of individual national government bonds, must be compensated for by restrictions in money supply elsewhere in the Eurozone. How this will work in practice remains one of the great mysteries of efforts to stabilise the Euro.

  3. Opinion of AG PoiaresMaduro in (Cases C-158 & 159/04) Alfa Vita Vassilopoulos AE v Greece [2006] ECR I-8135.

  4. Case C-438/05, International Transport Workers’ Federation, Finnish Seamen’s Union v. Viking Line ABP, OÜ Viking Line Eesti [2007] ECR I-1079; (Case C-341/05), Laval unPartneri Ltd v. SvenskaByggnadsarbetareförbundet, SvenskaByggnadsarbetareförbundet, avd. 1, SvenskaElektrikerförbundet [2007] ECR I-11767.

  5. The Basel criteria are established by banking regulators throughout the globe.

  6. See, Capital Requirements Directive (CRD III), 2010/76/EU (OJ L329/3 of 12.10.2010) for Banks, and the Solvency Directive for Insurers (Solvency II), 2009/138/EC (OJ L 335/1 of 17.12.2009).

  7. See, Regulation (EU) No 1092/2010 (ESRB Regulation); Regulation No 1096/2010 (ECB Regulation); Regulation (EU) No 1095/2010 (ESMA); Regulation (EU) No 1093/2010 (EBA); Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 (EIOPA).

  8. Monetary dialogue of November 9, 1999. Cited in, Amtenbrink and Duin (2009).

  9. The independent ECB is (unwillingly) subject to review by European legal provisions, but only insofar as these do not relate to its core function of the pursuit of price stability (Everson and Rodrigues 2010).

  10. Jürgen Habermas, Peter Bofinger and Julian Nida-Rümelin, ‘Only deeper European integration can save the eurozone’ (The Guardian, 9th August 2012). Available at: www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/aug/09/deeper-european-unification-save-eurozone.

References

  • Amtenbrink, Fabian, and Kees van Duin. 2009. The European Central Bank before the European Parliament: Theory and practice after 10 years of monetary dialogue. European Law Review 34: 561.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, Robert, and Julia Black. 2010. Really responsive risk-based regulation. Law and Policy 32(2): 181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bercusson, Brian. 2007. The trade union movement and the European Union: Judgment day. European Law Journal 13(3): 279–308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, Julia. 2007. Tensions in the regulatory state, Public Law Spring: 58.

  • Black, Julia. 2010. Restructuring global and EU financial regulation: Capacities, coordination and learning, LSE Law, Society and Economy Working Papers 18/2010, London School of Economics and Political Science.

  • Bradley, Kieran St Clair. 1997. The European parliament and comitology: On the road to nowhere? European Law Journal 3: 230–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chalmers, Damian. 2012. The conflicts of EU law and the conflicts in EU law. European Law Journal 18(5): 607–620.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crouch, Colin. 2011. The strange non-death of neo-liberalism. London: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahrendorf, Ralf. 2008. Citizenship and social class, in idem, The modern social conflict: The politics of liberty. Transaction Publishers.

  • Dani, Marco. 2011. Assembling the fractured European consumer. European Law Review 36(3): 362–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dehousse, Renaud. 1994. Comparing national and EC law: The problem of the level of analysis. The American Journal of Comparative Law 42(4): 761–781.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Everson, Michelle. 1998. Administering Europe. Journal of Common Market Studies 36(2): 195–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Everson, Michelle. 2012. A technology of expertise: EU financial services agencies, LSE ‘Europe in Question’ Discussion Paper Series’ LEQS Paper No. 49/2012.

  • Everson Michelle, and Christian Joerges. 2007. Consumer citizenship in postnational constellations? In Citizenship and consumption, ed. Kate Soper, and Frank Trentmann. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Everson Michelle, and Christian Joerges. 2012. Reconfiguring the politics–law relationship in the integration project through conflicts–law constitutionalism, European Law Journal 18(5).

  • Everson Michelle, and Frank Rodrigues. 2010. What can the law do for the European system of central banks? Good governance and comitology ‘within’ the system, ZERP Diskussionspapier 3.

  • Everson Michelle, and Julia Eisner. 2007. The making of the EU constitution: Judges and lawyers beyond constitutive power. London: Routledge-Cavendish.

  • Foucault, Michel. 1994. Power: Essential works of Foucault 19541984. Ed. James D. Fabion, vol. 3, London: Penguin.

  • Foucault, Michel. 2008. Birth of biopolitics: Lectures at the College de France, 1978–79. London: Palgrave MacMillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Ipsen, Hans Peter. 1972. Europäisches Gemeinschaftsrecht. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joerges, Christian. 2004. What is left of the European economic constitution? EUI Working Paper Law No. 2004/13.

  • Joerges, Christian. 2012. What is left of the integration through law project? A reconstruction in conflicts-law perspectives. In Legal cultures, legal transfer, and legal pluralism, ed. Stefan Kadelbach, Frankfurt/New York: Campus, forthcoming.

  • Joerges, Christian, and Florian Rödl. 2012. Would the election of a Member of the European Parliament as President of the Commission make democratic sense? Verfssungsblog on constitutional matters (4th July 2012). http://www.verfassungsblog.de/de/would-the-election-of-a-member-of-the-european-parliament-as-president-of-the-commission-make-democratic-sense/.

  • Joerges, Christian, and Jurgen Neyer. 1997. From intergovernmental bargaining to deliberative political processes: The constitutionalisation of comitology. European Law Journal 3(3): 273–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, David. 1997. The paradox of American critical legalism. European Law Journal 3(4): 359–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, David. 1998. Law and economics from the critical perspective. In The new Palgrave dictionary of economics and the law, ed. Peter Newman. Oxford: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knight, Frank. 1921. Risk, uncertainty and profit. Boston: Houghton & Mifflin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koskenniemi, Martti. 2009. Miserable comforters: International relations as new natural law. European Journal of International Relations 15: 395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ladeur, Karl-Heinz. 1997. Towards a legal theory of supranationality—The viability of the network concept. European Law Journal 3(3): 33–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laski, Harold. 1935. Studies in law and politics, reproduced in Paul Hirst, In The pluralist theory of the state. London: Routledge 1993.

  • Majone, Giandomenico. 1996. Regulating Europe. London: Routledge.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Majone, Giandomenico. 2005. Dilemmas of European integration: The ambiguities and pitfalls of integration by stealth. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Majone, Giandomenico. 2013. The EU in comparative context: Regional integration and political transaction costs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming.

  • Mattei, Ugo, and Laura Nader. 2008. Plunder: When the rule of law is illegal. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mestmäcker, Ernst-Joachim. 2007. A legal theory without law—Posner v. Hayek on economic analysis of law, (Beiträge zur Ordnungstheorie und Ordnungspolitik). Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moe, T.M. 1990. Political institutions: the neglected side of the story. Journal of Law Economics and Organization 6(2): 213–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moloney, Niamh. 2010. EU financial market regulation after the global financial crisis: ‘More Europe’ or more risks? Common Market Law Review 47(5): 1317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prosser, Tony. 2011. The regulatory enterprise: Government regulation and legitimacy. Oxford: OUP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rottleuthner, Hubert. 1987. Three legal sociologies: Eugen Ehrlich, Hugo Sinzheimer, Max Weber, Institute for Legal Studies, Working Papers Series No 2. Wisconsin: Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scharpf, Fritz. 2011. Monetary union, Fiscal crisis and the pre-emption of democracy. Zeitschrift für Staats- und Europawissenschaften 9(2): 163–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, Colin. 2004. Regulation in the age of governance. In The politics of regulation, ed. Jacint Jordana, and David Levi-Faur. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, Francis. 1996. Are we making a constitution, what constitution are we making? EMU revisited, EUI Working Paper LAW No98/6.

  • Streeck, Wolfgang. 2011. The crisis of democratic capitalism. New Left Review 71: 5–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Streeck, Wolfgang. 2012. Markets and peoples: Democratic capitalism and European integration. New Left Review 73: 63–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Supiot, Alain. 2010. A legal perspective on the economic crisis of 2008. International Labour Review 149(2): 151–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teubner, Gunther. 2011. A constitutional moment? The logics of ‘hitting the bottom’. In The financial crisis in constitutional perspective: The dark side of functional differentiation, ed. Poul Kjaer, Gunther Teubner, and Alberto Febbrajo, 9–51. Oxford: Hart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thaler, Richard, and Cass Sunstein. 2008. Nudge. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tryfonidou, Alina. 2010. Further steps on the road to convergence among the market freedoms. European Law Review 35(1): 36–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Asselt, Marjolein, and Ellen Vos. 2008. Science, knowledge and uncertainty in EU risk regulation. In Uncertain risks regulated, ed. Michelle Everson, and Ellen Vos. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vibert, Frank. 2011. Regulation in an age of austerity: Reframing international regulatory policies, LSE Working Paper, WP 03/2011.

  • Vos, Ellen. 2000. EU food safety regulation in the aftermath of the BSE crisis. Journal of Consumer Policy 23: 227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wegmann, Milene. 2002. Früher Neoliberalismus und europäische Integration: Interdependenz der nationalen, supranationalen und internationalen Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (19321965) Baden–Baden: Nomos.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michelle Everson.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Everson, M. The Fault of (European) Law in (Political and Social) Economic Crisis. Law Critique 24, 107–129 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-013-9121-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10978-013-9121-5

Keywords

Navigation