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Energy, exergy-emission performance investigation of heat exchanger with Turbulators inserts and ternary hybrid nanofluid

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Abstract

Passive inserts, notably twisted turbulator inserts (TTI) and perforated twisted turbulator inserts (PTTI) loaded with water-based ternary hybrid nanofluid (THNF), are employed in plain tube heat exchangers to enhance thermal performance. The investigation focuses on how THNF replacement inserts will impact energy utilization, exergy consumption, and the environment in the decades to come. Nanoparticles of copper oxide (CuO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and titanium oxide (TiO2) are dissolved in water, which functions as the working fluid, and the resulting THNF is injected at three distinct concentrations (0.06, 0.09, and 0.12%). Certain aspects of the flow of a control fluid are investigated in terms of energy, exergy, and emissions.

The experimental findings demonstrate that utilizing TTI and PTTI in conjunction with THNF substantially enhances the compact air heat exchanger's thermal and hydraulic efficiency. Heat transfer, friction factor, exergy change, and reversibility are greatly improved when turbulator inserts with PTTI and TTI are employed in plain tubes containing 0.12% (v/v) THNF. The CO2 discharge rises by 2.6–2.1 when PTTI or TTI turbulator inserts are inserted in the tube's core. Using PTTI with a concentration of 0.12% (v/v) THNF as the working fluid and a tube insert will provide PEC values in the range of 1.075–1.04. The thorough examination of heat transfer enhancement, friction factor, exergy efficiency, and environmental effect suggests that PTTI is a better passive device insert for heat transfer efficiency, particularly when combined with 0.12% (v/v) THNF.

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Abbreviations

Aradiator :

Frontal area of HX

Afin :

Peripheral area of the fin

\(\mathop m\limits^{ \bullet }\) :

Mass flow rate, kg s−1

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer, W

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxides

Cp :

Specific heat capacity, J kg−1 K−1

CuO:

Copper oxide

\(Dis_{{\text{CO}_{2} }}\) :

CO2 discharge

Dh :

Hydraulic diameter, mm

ff:

Friction factor

\(f_{{\text{CO}_{2} }}\) :

Carbon discharge factor

hf :

Heat transfer coefficient of fluid, W m−2.K−1

Nu:

Nusselt number

Δp:

Pressure drop, Pa

Pl :

Longitudinal tube pitch

Pp :

Perforated pitch

Ppp :

Pumping power

Pt :

Transverse tube pitch

Re:

Reynolds number

ti :

Insert thickness

T:

Temperature ˚C

TiO2 :

Titanium oxide

W:

Width of tape

Y:

Twisted pitch

k:

Thermal conductivity, W m−1 K−1

\({\upmu }\) :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa. s)

ρ:

Density (kg m−3)

φ:

Volume fraction

CF:

Colburn factor

VFR:

Volume flow rate

HX:

Heat exchanger

PEC:

Performance evaluation criteria

PT:

Plain tube

PTTI:

Perforated twisted turbulator insert

SI:

Sustainability index

THNF:

Ternary hybrid nanofluid

TTI:

Twisted Turbulator insert

a:

Air

p:

Pump

pp:

Pumping power

eff:

Effective

f:

Fluid

fi:

Fluid inlet

ai:

Air inlet

ao:

Air outlet

e:

Exit

max:

Maximum

gen:

Generation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India

    Ranjeet Rai

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Vikash Kumar & R. R. Sahoo

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  1. Ranjeet Rai
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Rai, R., Kumar, V. & Sahoo, R.R. Energy, exergy-emission performance investigation of heat exchanger with Turbulators inserts and ternary hybrid nanofluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 149, 3999–4017 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-12934-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-024-12934-x

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