Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Exergetic and exergoeconomic assessments of a diesel engine operating on dual-fuel mode with biogas and diesel fuel containing boron nitride nanoparticles

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigates the exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses of a diesel engine operated on dual-fuel mode with fuelled both diesel fuel–boron nitride nanofuel and biogas purchased commercially. The experiments were performed for diesel fuel, diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle, diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 0.5 L min−1 biogas, diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 1.0 L min−1 biogas and diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 2.0 L min−1 biogas at various engine loads (2.5 Nm, 5.0 Nm, 7.5 Nm, and 10.0 Nm) and fixed crankshaft speed of 1500 rpm. The obtained experimental data were used to realize exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses. Among the fuels considered in this study, diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle nanofuel had the best exergetic and exergoeconomic results. As a result, at engine load of 10 Nm, the exergy efficiency of test engine and specific exergy cost of crankshaft work were obtained to be 29.12% and 124.86 US$ GJ−1 for diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle nanofuel, respectively. These values were 27.35% and 125.19 US$ GJ−1 for diesel fuel, 25.50% and 141.92 US$ GJ−1 for diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 0.5 L min−1 biogas, 23.10% and 156.33 US$ GJ−1 for diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 1.0 L min−1 biogas, and 21.09% and 171.92 US$ GJ−1 for diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle + 2.0 L min−1 biogas, respectively. It is clear that biogas addition to combustion made worse the exergetic and exergoeconomic performances of test engine. As a conclusion, it can be said that diesel + 100 ppm boron nitride nanoparticle nanofuel can be used as alternative fuel to D100 in terms of exergy and exergoeconomics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

\(c\) :

Specific exergy cost ($ GJ−1)

\(C\) :

Mass fraction of carbon ($ h−1)

\(\dot{C}\) :

Cost flow rate (US$ h−1)

c p :

Specific heat capacity at constant pressure (kJ kg−1 K−1)

CRF:

Capital recovery factor (−)

ex:

Specific exergy rate (kJ kg−1)

\({\text{E}\dot{\text{x}}}\) :

Exergy rate (kW)

\(H\) :

Mass fraction of hydrogen (-)

\(i\) :

Interest rate (-)

LHV:

Lower heating value (kJ kg−1)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

\(M\) :

Molar mass (kg kmol−1)

n :

Crankshaft speed (rpm)

\(\dot{n}\) :

Molar flow rate (kmol s−1)

\(N\) :

Lifetime (year)

\(O\) :

Mass fraction of oxygen (-)

\(P\) :

Pressure (kPa)

PEC:

Purchased equipment cost (US$)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate (kW)

\(R\) :

Gas constant (kJ kg−1 K−1)

\(\tilde{R}\) :

Universal gas constant (kJ kmol−1 K−1)

\(t\) :

Annual operating hours (h)

\(T\) :

Temperature (K)

T :

Torque (Nm)

\(y\) :

Molar fraction (−)

\(\dot{Z}\) :

Capital investment cost rate (US$ h−1)

\(\alpha\) :

Mass fraction of sulphur (−)

\(\tau\) :

Maintenance factor (−)

\(\varphi\) :

Chemical exergy factor (−)

\(\psi\) :

Exergetic efficiency (%)

\(\omega\) :

Angular velocity (rad s−1)

ch:

Chemical

D:

Destruction

exh:

Exhaust

tm:

Thermomechanical

W:

Work

0:

Reference state

References

  1. Child M, Nordling A, Breyer C. Scenarios for a sustainable energy system in the Åland Islands in 2030. Energy Convers Manag. 2017;137:49–60.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Saidur R, Islam MR, Rahim NA, Solangi KH. A review on global wind energy policy. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2010;14:1744–62.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Solangi KH, Islam MR, Saidur R, Rahim NA, Fayaz H. A review on global solar energy policy. Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2011;15:2149–63.

    Google Scholar 

  4. McDowall W, Eames M. Towards a sustainable hydrogen economy: a multi-criteria sustainability appraisal of competing hydrogen futures. Int J Hydrog Energy. 2007;32:4611–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. González-Montaña JR, Diez AJA, Alonso de la Varga ME, Téllez SA. Transportation sector energy consumption. Internacional de Ovinocultura, Asociacion Mexicana de Especialistas en Ovinocultura; 2016. p. 127–37.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ağbulut Ü, Sarıdemir S, Rajak U, Polat F, Afzal A, Verma TN. Effects of high-dosage copper oxide nanoparticles addition in diesel fuel on engine characteristics. Energy. 2021;229: 120611.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Imdadul HK, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Zulkifli NWM, Rashed MM, Rashedul HK, Monirul IM, Mosarof MH. A comprehensive review on the assessment of fuel additive effects on combustion behavior in CI engine fuelled with diesel biodiesel blends. RSC Adv. 2015;5:67541–67.

    ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Ağbulut Ü, Karagoz M, Saridemir S, Öztürk A. Impact of various metal-oxide based nanoparticles and biodiesel blends on the combustion, performance, emission, vibration and noise characteristics of a CI engine. Fuel. 2020;270: 117521.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Jiaqiang E, Zhang Z, Chen J, Pham MH, Zhao X, Peng Q, Zhang B, Yin Z. Performance and emission evaluation of a marine diesel engine fueled by water biodiesel-diesel emulsion blends with a fuel additive of a cerium oxide nanoparticle. Energy Convers Manag. 2018;169:194–205.

    Google Scholar 

  10. El-Seesy AI, Xuan T, He Z, Hassan H. Enhancement the combustion aspects of a CI engine working with Jatropha biodiesel/decanol/propanol ternary combinations. Energy Convers Manag. 2020;226: 113524.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Nour M, Sun Z, El-Seesy AI, Li X. Experimental evaluation of the performance and emissions of a direct-injection compression-ignition engine fueled with n-hexanol–diesel blends. Fuel. 2021;302: 121144.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. El-Seesy AI, Waly MS, He Z, El-Batsh HM, Nasser A, El-Zoheiry RM. Influence of quaternary combinations of biodiesel/methanol/n-octanol/diethyl ether from waste cooking oil on combustion, emission, and stability aspects of a diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag. 2021;240: 114268.

    Google Scholar 

  13. El-Seesy AI, Waly MS, El-Batsh HM, El-Zoheiry RM. Enhancement of the waste cooking oil biodiesel usability in the diesel engine by using n-decanol, nitrogen-doped, and amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube. Energy Convers Manag. 2023;277: 116646.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Dehhaghi M, Panahi HKS, Aghbashlo M, Lam SS, Tabatabaei M. The effects of nanoadditives on the performance and emission characteristics of spark-ignition gasoline engines: a critical review with a focus on health impacts. Energy. 2021;225: 120259.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. El-Seesy AI, Nour M, Hassan H, Elfasakhany A, He Z, Mujtaba MA. Diesel-oxygenated fuels ternary blends with nano additives in compression ignition engine: a step towards cleaner combustion and green environment. Case Stud Therm Eng. 2021;25: 100911.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fayaz H, Mujtaba MA, Soudagar MEM, Razzaq L, Nawaz S, Nawaz MA, Farooq M, Afzal A, Ahmed W, Khan TMY, Bashir S, Yaqoob H, El-Seesy AI, Wageh S, Al-Ghamdi A, Elfasakhany A. Collective effect of ternary nano fuel blends on the diesel engine performance and emissions characteristics. Fuel. 2021;293: 120420.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Waly MS, El-Seesy AI, El-Batsh HM, El-Zoheiry RM. Combustion and emissions characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with diesel fuel and different concentrations of amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube. Atmos Pollut Res. 2023;14: 101831.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. El-Seesy AI, Waly MS, He Z, El-Batsh HM, Nasser A, El-Zoheiry RM. Enhancement of the combustion and stability aspects of diesel-methanol-hydrous methanol blends utilizing n-octanol, diethyl ether, and nanoparticle additives. J Clean Prod. 2022;371: 133673.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ojha PK, Karmakar S. Boron for liquid fuel engines—a review on synthesis, dispersion stability in liquid fuel, and combustion aspects. Prog Aerosp Sci. 2018;100:18–45.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Icten O, Zumreoglu-Karan B. Energetic aspects of elemental boron: a mini-review. Energy Sources Part A Recov Util Environ Effects. 2022;44:182–94.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mehta RN, Chakraborty M, Parikh PA. Nanofuels: combustion, engine performance and emissions. Fuel. 2014;120:91–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kul VS, Akansu SO. Experimental investigation of the impact of boron nanoparticles and CNG on performance and emissions of heavy-duty diesel engine. Fuel. 2022;324: 124470.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Polat F, Yeşilyurt MK, Ağbulut Ü, Karagoz M, Saridemir S. Experimental assessment of the influences of liquid–solid–gas fuel blends on DI-CI engine behaviors. Process Saf Environ Prot. 2022;159:511–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Ozer S, Demir U, Kocyigit S. Effect of using borax decahydrate as nanomaterials additive diesel fuel on diesel engine performance and emissions. Energy. 2023;266: 126412.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Ahmadi P, Dincer I, Rosen MA. Exergy, exergoeconomic and environmental analyses and evolutionary algorithm based multi-objective optimization of combined cycle power plants. Energy. 2011;36:5886–98.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kotas TJ. The exergy method of thermal plant analysis. Anchor Brendon Ltd.; 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Dogan B, Cakmak A, Yesilyurt MK, Erol D. Investigation on 1-heptanol as an oxygenated additive with diesel fuel for compression-ignition engine applications: an approach in terms of energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and sustainability analyses. Fuel. 2020;275: 117973.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Uysal C, Uslu S, Aydin M. Exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses of a diesel engine fueled with binary and ternary blends of diesel-palm oil biodiesel-diethyl ether for various injection timings. J Therm Anal Calorimet. 2022;147:12641–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Cavalcanti EJC, Carvalho M, Ochoa AAV. Exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental comparison of diesel-biodiesel blends in a direct injection engine at variable loads. Energy Convers Manag. 2019;183:450–61.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dogan B, Ozer S, Erol D. Exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenviroeconomic evaluations of the use of diesel/fusel oil blends in compression ignition engines. Sustain Energy Technol Assess. 2022;53: 102475.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Saha D, Roy B. Effects of plastic-grocery-bag derived oil-water-diesel emulsions on combustion, performance and emission characteristics, and exergoeconomic aspects of compression ignition engine. Sustain Energy Technol Assess. 2022;54: 102877.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Karagoz M, Uysal C, Agbulut U, Saridemir S. Energy, exergy, economic and sustainability assessments of a compression ignition diesel engine fueled with tire pyrolytic oil-diesel blends. J Clean Prod. 2020;264: 121724.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Aghbashlo M, Tabatabaei M, Khalife E, Shojaei TR, Dadak A. Exergoeconomic analysis of a DI diesel engine fueled with diesel/biodiesel (B5) emulsions containing aqueous nano cerium oxide. Energy. 2018;149:967–78.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Karagoz M, Uysal C, Agbulut U, Saridemir S. Exergetic and exergoeconomic analyses of a CI engine fueled with diesel-biodiesel blends containing various metal-oxide nanoparticles. Energy. 2021;214: 118830.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Uysal C, Agbulut U, Elibol E, Demirci T, Karagoz M, Saridemir S. Exergetic, exergoeconomic, and sustainability analyses of diesel–biodiesel fuel blends including synthesized graphene oxide nanoparticles. Fuel. 2022;327: 125167.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Agbulut U, Uysal C, Cavalcanti EJC, Carvalho M, Karagoz M, Saridemir S. Exergy, exergoeconomic, life cycle, and exergoenvironmental assessments for an engine fueled by diesel–ethanol blends with aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide additive nanoparticles. Fuel. 2022;320: 123861.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Agbulut U. Understanding the role of nanoparticle size on energy, exergy, thermoeconomic, exergoeconomic, and sustainability analyses of an IC engine: a thermodynamic approach. Fuel Process Technol. 2022;225: 107060.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Verma S, Das LM, Kaushik SC. Effects of varying composition of biogas on performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine using exergy analysis. Energy Convers Manag. 2017;138:346–59.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Moran MJ, Shapiro HN. Fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics. New York: Wiley; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Bejan A, Tsatsaronis G, Moran M. Thermal design and optimization. New York: Wiley; 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Lozano MA, Valero A. Theory of the exergetic cost. Energy. 1993;18:939–60.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, 78050, Karabuk, Turkey

    Cuneyt Uysal

  2. Automotive Technologies Program, TOBB Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Karabuk University, 78050, Karabuk, Turkey

    Cuneyt Uysal & Mustafa Karagoz

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce, Turkey

    Ümit Ağbulut, Fikret Polat & Suat Saridemir

  4. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey

    Halil Ibrahim Topal

Authors
  1. Cuneyt Uysal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ümit Ağbulut
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Halil Ibrahim Topal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mustafa Karagoz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fikret Polat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Suat Saridemir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cuneyt Uysal.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Uysal, C., Ağbulut, Ü., Topal, H.I. et al. Exergetic and exergoeconomic assessments of a diesel engine operating on dual-fuel mode with biogas and diesel fuel containing boron nitride nanoparticles. J Therm Anal Calorim 149, 1185–1198 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12763-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12763-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation