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Preparation of sulfur dioxide by divalent iron synergistic coke reduction of phosphogypsum in a fluidized bed

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Abstract

Phosphogypsum (PG) can be reduced by thermal treatment and produces SO2 and lime slag. Unfortunately, the SO2 yield is low and the PG decomposition temperature is high. This problem can be resolved by adding reducing agents and additives. However, the current studies mainly investigate the effect of Fe3+ on the PG reduction in a fixed bed, while there are few studies on the preparation of SO2 from Fe2+-assisted coke reduction of PG in a fluidized bed and lack of analysis of the sulfur form in the gas products. Consequently, using coke as the reducing agent and Fe2+ as the additive, together with thermodynamic simulation and kinetic calculation, the impacts of Fe/Ca molar ratio, C/Ca molar ratio and reaction temperature on SO2 yield by PG decomposition in a fluidized bed are explored. It is found that the addition of Fe2+ could reduce reaction temperature and activation energy of the PG-C system. The inclusion of Fe2+ boosts the SO2 yield and PG decomposition rate in comparison to PG-C system. The SO2 yield and PG decomposition rate under these circumstances are 95.41% and 99.07%, respectively, with C/Ca of 0.5 and Fe/Ca of 1 at 1100 °C. The S in the gas products is in the form of SO2, COS and S2. Kinetic calculations reveal that the PG-C system and the PG-C-Fe2+ system are consistent with the nucleation and growth models with g(α) = -ln(1-α). The preparation of SO2 from PG reduction by Fe2+ synergistic coke is mainly achieved through the valence transition of Fe2+.

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Funding

Thanks for the financial support from the school-enterprise cooperation project (No. 2019-KYY-508101–0078).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute for Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China

    Dong Ma & Qinhui Wang

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  1. Dong Ma
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Dong Ma contributed to experiment, formal analysis, data curation, investigation, and writing—original draft. Qinhui Wang contributed to review & editing, and supervision.

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Correspondence to Qinhui Wang.

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10973_2023_12701_MOESM1_ESM.doc

XRD patterns of PG and FeCO3 (Fig. S1); ΔG versus temperature for each reaction (Fig. S2). Mechanism functions commonly used in solid phase reactions (Table S1) (DOC 359 KB)

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Ma, D., Wang, Q. Preparation of sulfur dioxide by divalent iron synergistic coke reduction of phosphogypsum in a fluidized bed. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 13959–13972 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12701-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12701-4

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