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Thermal analysis of thermo-electric generator systems in hybrid electric vehicles under different operating conditions

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Abstract

Thermoelectric generators have emerged as a potential method for recovering energy from vehicle exhaust. In this study, a hybrid electric vehicle with a thermoelectric generator is dynamically designed and modeled in Simcenter Amesim software. The comprehensive model of the hybrid vehicle system that has been modeled can navigate in all-electric and parallel hybrid modes according to its control method. The driving cycle measured in Tehran city is used in this study, and its results were compared to the other standard driving cycles. In order to analyze the vehicle's dynamic behavior under varied driving situations, two overall scenarios, including constant and changing velocities, were studied. Seven speed profiles were considered in the constant speed mode, and their effects on the amount of energy produced by the thermoelectric generator were shown. It was discovered that with a constant speed of 40 m s−1, the energy production due to temperature difference in the TEG modulus is 96.9 kJ, whereas this amount was 42.8 kJ in the real driving condition. Also, it was demonstrated that increasing vehicle's velocity raises the flow rate and temperature of exhaust gases, enhancing the effect of the thermoelectric generator. In addition, the performance of thermoelectric generators’ energy production in standard cycles compared to the surveyed cycle of Tehran city has been investigated. It was observed that the amount of energy ratio, which was 6% in the real driving cycle, could reach 13% in the standard driving cycle.

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Abbreviations

BEV:

Battery electric vehicles

EEV:

Extended-range electric vehicles

ER:

Energy ratio

HEV:

Hybrid electric vehicles

ICE:

Internal combustion engine

ICEV:

Internal combustion engine vehicles

NEDC:

New European Driving Cycle

SOC:

State of charge

TEG:

Thermoelectric generators

WHR:

Waste heat recovery

WLTC:

Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycles

b e :

Engine’s fuel usage

E :

Seebeck electromotive force

H int :

Convective heat exchange coefficient

I :

Current

J :

Current density

K :

Thermal conductivity

P m :

Module power output

Pr:

Prandtl number

Re:

Reynolds number

R load :

Load resistance

R m :

Module resistance

S :

Number of legs in one module

T :

Temperature

T e :

Torque

T gas :

Gas temperature in the pipe

T wall :

Wall temperature

V leg :

Leg voltage output

V m :

Module voltage output

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran

    Alireza Khoshnevisan, Mehrdad Raeesi & Pouria Ahmadi

  2. College of Engineering, Mechanical and Material Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, USA

    Sina Changizian

  3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34349, Istanbul, Turkey

    Nader Javani

Authors
  1. Alireza Khoshnevisan
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  2. Sina Changizian
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  3. Mehrdad Raeesi
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  4. Pouria Ahmadi
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  5. Nader Javani
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Contributions

AK took part in conceptualization, validation, writing—original draft, software. SC involved in writing—original draft, validation, conceptualization. MR took part in review & editing, methodology, conceptualization. PA involved in writing—original draft, software, editing, review, methodology, supervision. NJ involved in supervision, editing, review.

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Correspondence to Pouria Ahmadi.

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Khoshnevisan, A., Changizian, S., Raeesi, M. et al. Thermal analysis of thermo-electric generator systems in hybrid electric vehicles under different operating conditions. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 9649–9659 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12349-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12349-0

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