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Microcapsule preparation of melamine and orange peel charcoal encapsulated by sodium alginate and its effect on combustion performance of epoxy resins

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Abstract

Bio-based flame retardant is highly desirable given today’s increasing environmentally friendly demand. In this article, a bio-based microencapsulated flame retardant SA@(MA/OPC) was prepared. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis confirmed the effective encapsulation of melamine (MA) and orange peel charcoal (OPC) in sodium alginate (SA). EP/SA@(MA/OPC) composites were prepared by adding SA@(MA/OPC) into epoxy resin (EP). For comparison, EP/(SA/MA/OPC) composites were also prepared by adding unmicroencapsulated mixture SA/MA/OPC into epoxy resin (EP). Thermal stability and combustion behaviors of EP/SA@(MA/OPC) and EP/(SA/MA/OPC) were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG–FTIR), limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), cone calorimeter test and SEM, respectively. The results showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of EP/SA@(MA/OPC) decreased by 74.2%, 22.0% and 24.7%, respectively, compared to pure EP. The PHRR, THR and TSP of EP/(SA/MA/OPC) were higher than that of EP/SA@(MA/OPC), which indicated that microencapsulated SA@(MA/OPC) had a better flame retardancy than blending SA, MA and OPC with EP. Finally, the flame-retardant mechanism of EP/SA@(MA/OPC) was presented. This work provides a new attempt to build EP composites with bio-based flame retardants.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21975138).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 53 Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266042, People’s Republic of China

    Junjie Ren, Fangbo Jin, Yingwei Bao, Jie Yu, Xinzhu Li, Shuang Li, Yunfei Cheng & Feng Zhang

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  1. Junjie Ren
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  8. Feng Zhang
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Contributions

JR was involved in investigation, methodology, formal analysis and writing—original draft; FZ participated in supervision, resources, writing—reviewing and editing, formal analysis and funding acquisition; FJ, YB, JY, XL and SL contributed to investigation, software and validation; and YC were responsible for methodology and resources.

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Correspondence to Feng Zhang.

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Ren, J., Jin, F., Bao, Y. et al. Microcapsule preparation of melamine and orange peel charcoal encapsulated by sodium alginate and its effect on combustion performance of epoxy resins. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 9489–9500 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12338-3

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