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Study on surface modification and properties of bio-based intumescent flame retardant

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Abstract

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) is a kind of multipurpose engineering thermoplastic, with high strength, high toughness, wear resistance and other excellent properties. However, the flammability and droplet properties of TPU limit its application, so it is very important to improve the flame retardancy of TPU. In general, flame retardants are mixed directly into TPU material to improve its flame retardancy. However, this will greatly reduce the mechanical properties of TPU itself, because of the poor compatibility between the flame retardant and the substrate. This work improved the flame retardancy of TPU by using a bio-based intumescent flame retardant (PAMAD). In order to improve the compatibility between PAMAD and TPU, PAMAD was modified by in situ polymerization and bio-based flame retardant microcapsule (POPM) was prepared. Then, POPM was added to TPU by melt blending to prepare flame retardant TPU composites (PTPU). A layer of intrinsically flame retardant polyurethane molecular chain segment on the surface of POPM can form hydrogen bonds with TPU molecules, which was conducive to enhancing the compatibility between them. When the POPM-5 content was 30 mass%, the residual carbon rate of PTPU30 was 27%, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was 32.7%, reaching the vertical burning test (UL-94) V-0 level. Compared with pure TPU, peak heat release rate (PHRR), peak total heat release (THR) and peak total smoke emission (TSR) decreased by 71.0%, 51.4% and 70.7%, respectively. At the same time, the release rate of CO and CO2 decreased significantly.

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Acknowledgements

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang, 050018, Hebei Province, China

    Limin Gu, Yanan Shi & Linya Zhang

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  1. Limin Gu
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  2. Yanan Shi
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  3. Linya Zhang
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All authors have read and approved this version of the article, and due care has been taken to ensure the integrity of the work. The manuscript has not been previously published, is not currently submitted for review to any other journal, and will not be submitted elsewhere before a decision is made by this journal. LG was main and first author contributed to conceptualization, methodology and writing—original draft. YS contributed to investigation, writing—original draft and formal analysis. LZ contributed to writing—review and editing and project administration.

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Correspondence to Limin Gu.

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Gu, L., Shi, Y. & Zhang, L. Study on surface modification and properties of bio-based intumescent flame retardant. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 9519–9535 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12323-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12323-w

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