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Application of nanofluids in heat pipes

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Abstract

Nanofluids can effectively enhance the heat transfer performance of different types of heat pipes according to the existing research. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on the application of nanofluids in thermosyphon heat pipe, pulsating heat pipe and wick heat pipe, respectively. The effect of important variables such as different nanoparticles, concentrations, packing ratios, inclination angles and thermal loads on heat pipe performance is discussed. Studies shows that there is a certain concentration of nanoparticles for highly efficient utilization. High concentration of nanoparticles leads to higher thermal resistance mainly due to the increase in dynamic viscosity and the possibility of particle agglomeration. The enhanced heat transfer performance is caused by the enhanced Brownian motion, improved surface wettability, increased nucleation sites and inherently high thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Finally, the current problems and future trends of heat pipe technology based on nanofluids are discussed.

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Abbreviations

CHF:

Critical heat flux

CNF:

Cellulose nanofiber

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

DI water:

Deionized water

DS:

Diazonium salt

DW:

Distilled water

EG:

Ethylene glycol

GHP:

Grooved heat pipe

GNP:

Graphene nanoplatelets

GO:

Graphene oxide

HNF:

Hybrid nanofluid

HP:

Heat pipe

LTS:

Loop thermosiphon

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes

OHP:

Oscillating heat pipe

PCA:

1-Pyrene carboxylic acid

PHP:

Pulsating heat pipe

P-ML20:

Multi-layer graphene

SDBS:

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

SWCNT:

Single-walled carbon nanotube

TC:

Thermal conductivity

TE:

Thermal efficiency

THP:

Thermosyphon heat pipe

TPCT:

Two-phase closed thermosyphon

TR:

Thermal resistance

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Acknowledgements

This study is supported by Key Research and Development and Promotion Project in Henan province-Science and Technology (International Cooperation) (182102410087, 222102520016). Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Henan Province (191RTSTHN011). The funding is from Henan Province of China under Henan International Joint Laboratory of Thermo-fluid Electro-chemical System for New Energy Vehicle.

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  1. Henan International Joint Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Electro-Chemical System for New Energy Vehicle, School of Mechanical Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450045, Henan, China

    Yuguo Gao, Qianchao Hu, Yitao Ren, Xinyu Wang, Shuman Guo, Zhonglan Hou & Pengyan Guo

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  1. Yuguo Gao
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  2. Qianchao Hu
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YG conceived, drafted and revised the paper. QH, YR, XW, performed the literature search, analysis and drafted the paper. SG, ZH, PG revised the paper.

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Correspondence to Yuguo Gao.

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Gao, Y., Hu, Q., Ren, Y. et al. Application of nanofluids in heat pipes. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 5149–5177 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12115-2

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