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Evaluating the convective heat transfer of graphene oxide–gold hybrid nanofluid flow in CPU

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Abstract

The thermal performance of a novel hybrid nanofluid containing graphene oxide (GO)–gold/water and GO/water nanofluid in cooling a computer’s CPU is carried out experimentally. Single-layer graphene oxide is used as working fluid by combining specific amounts of gold nanoparticle suspension with varying concentrations (0.0044–0.0114 mass%) and Reynolds number (676–2185) to optimize the overall device performance. The obtained results revealed that GO/water nanofluid and GO–gold/water hybrid nanofluid reduced the surface temperature of the CPU by 10.6% and 16.2%, respectively, compared with the DI water. Also, the results show that the convective heat transfer coefficient is improved by 36.36% with GO–gold/water hybrid nanofluid (0.0094 mass%) and Re = 2185. In addition, new correlations have been developed for predicting the Nusselt number of GO–gold/water hybrid nanofluid and GO/water nanofluid, based on the experimental data. Overall, the hybrid nanofluid is highly recommended as a preferred cooling in electronic devices.

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Abbreviations

Au:

Gold

BNNT:

Boron nitride nanotubes

C:

Concentration of nanofluids

Cu:

Copper

CPU:

A central processing unit

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

GO:

Graphene oxide

LIF:

Laser-induced fluorescence

MCHS:

Microchannel heat sink

MWCNT:

Multi-wall carbon nanotubes

Nu:

Nusselt number

NaAuCl4 :

Sodium tetrachloroaurate

NaBH4 :

Sodium borohydride

OFHSMC:

Oblique fin heat sink microchannel

PIV:

Particle image velocimetry

q m :

Mass flow rate

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

Re:

Reynolds number

SWCNT:

Single-wall carbon nanotubes

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

W :

Mass fraction

ɸ :

Volume fraction

δ :

Copper thickness

bf:

Base fluid

hnf:

Hybrid nanofluid

hs:

Heat sink

np:

Nanoparticle

w:

Wall

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Shohadaye Hoveizeh Campus of Technology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Dashte Azadegan, Susangerd, Iran

    Reza Mansouri & Rashid Pourrajab

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Mohammad Behbahani

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

    Alireza Daneh-Dezfuli

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  1. Reza Mansouri
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  2. Rashid Pourrajab
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  3. Mohammad Behbahani
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  4. Alireza Daneh-Dezfuli
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Contributions

RM contributed to data curation and investigation. RP contributed to investigation, writing—original draft, conceptualization, supervision, formal analysis, and software. MB contributed to methodology, resources, writing—review and editing. AD-D contributed to visualization and investigation.

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Correspondence to Rashid Pourrajab or Mohammad Behbahani.

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Mansouri, R., Pourrajab, R., Behbahani, M. et al. Evaluating the convective heat transfer of graphene oxide–gold hybrid nanofluid flow in CPU. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 5765–5776 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12064-w

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