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Enhancement of upward facing spray cooling by benzene added water

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Abstract

In case of dropwise evaporation process, the significant reduction of the Leidenfrost effect has been a challenging task for the current generation research due to the counter current characteristics of drag and inertial forces. The alignment of the above stated forces in one direction reduces the Leidenfrost effect significantly as the vapour flow and droplet impingent occur in the same direction. In case of spray cooling from very high initial temperatures, this is achieved by changing the orientation of spray from the downward direction to upward direction. Furthermore, the upward spray is enhanced by altering the thermo physical properties in the favourable direction of heat transfer. In the current work, benzene is added as an additive for attainment of the above stated. The thermal analysis clearly ensures the enhancement in case of benzene added water upward spray, and the achieved average heat flux is 1.78 MW m−2. The discussed value is almost 1.3 times higher than the heat flux obtained in case quenching is conducted by downward spray. The theoretical calculation supports the information discussed above. It indicates that in case of upward spray, the contact area and spreading factor are higher than the down case. After the cooling operations, the utilised coolant analysis indicates that the found to (Fe)Total and TDS levels augment. Therefore, the utilised coolant should be treated to achieve lower TDS level before reutilisation or exposure to the open environment.

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Abbreviations

\(A\prime\) :

Heat transfer area of the droplet, m2

\(T_{{\text{f}}}\) :

Final temperature of the coolant, °C

C pl :

Specific heat of the coolant in liquid phase, J kg−1 °C−1

C pv :

Specific heat of the coolant in vapour phase, J kg−1 °C−1

D :

Diameter of the droplet, mm

D f :

Final spreading diameter after the droplet spreading, mm

D max :

Maximum spreading diameter after impingement, mm

\(h\) :

Heat transfer coefficient, Wm−2 K−1

\(h_{{\text{v}}}\) :

Latent heat of vaporisation, J kg−1

k :

Thermal conductivity of the coolant, Wm−1 °C−1

Re:

Reynolds number

St:

Stanton number

T l :

Coolant temperature, °C

T s :

Saturation temperature, °C

T w :

Hot plate temperature, °C

V :

Velocity of the droplet during spreading, m s−1

V 1 :

Initial velocity of the droplet, m s−1

V 2 :

Final velocity of the droplet, m s−1

We:

Weber number

\(m\) :

Mass of the droplet, kg

\(n\) :

Number of droplets impinging per second. s−1

\(q\) :

Surface heat flux, MW m−2

µ :

Viscosity of the coolant, Pa s

θ :

Contact angle of the coolant, degree

ρ :

Density of the coolant, kg m−3

σ :

Surface tension of the coolant, mN m−1

λ :

Latent heat of vaporization of coolant, J kg−1

IF:

Inertia force, N

VF:

Viscous force, N

CF:

Capillary force, N

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Spray Boiling Heat Transfer Laboratory, High Speed Fluid Imaging Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India

    Kollati Prudhvi Ravikumar, Abanti Sahoo & Soumya Sanjeeb Mohapatra

Authors
  1. Kollati Prudhvi Ravikumar
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  2. Abanti Sahoo
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  3. Soumya Sanjeeb Mohapatra
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Correspondence to Soumya Sanjeeb Mohapatra.

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Ravikumar, K.P., Sahoo, A. & Mohapatra, S.S. Enhancement of upward facing spray cooling by benzene added water. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 4541–4551 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12035-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12035-1

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