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Novel insight in thermo-oxidative kinetics of vitamin D-based supplement formulation using TG–DTG–DTA, ATR-FTIR and MALDI-MS techniques

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Abstract

This work provides detailed mechanistic analysis of thermo-oxidative degradation behavior of vitamin D3—Ca (CaCO3 form) solid state supplement formulation. Analytical techniques such Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier-transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) were used for analysis of homogeneity of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) throughout excipients contained within solid dosage forms. Information gained from MALDI-MS experiments was used to improve and better understand interactions present, later clearly disclosed through kinetic modeling. It was found that process mechanism proceeds via two single-step unbranched reactions and two steps of consecutive reactions. Key features include vitamin D3 meltings and degradation via hydrogen abstraction followed by addition of oxygen forming 1-hydroxy-vitamin D3 and further through its dehydration to 1-keto-vitamin D3. Identified product 1-hydroxy-vitamin D3 is substantial for enhancing the immune response of human body in fight against respiratory viruses. Another two degradation products, namely pyrocalciferol and isopyrocalciferol, produced by thermal isomerization at higher temperatures, were also identified. These vitamin epimers have crucial role in functioning of immune cells. Degradation process of mineral structure occurs through water molecules removal, forming anhydrous polymorph of CaCO3, where formation of solid (CaO) and gaseous (CO2) products participates in kinetically stabilized additive-functionalized amorphous CaCO3 crystallization. Confirmation of correctness of proposed degradation mechanism was verified by modulated dynamic (MD) predictions. Information obtained is valuable and suitable for safety evaluations of given supplement, but also could be applied for solid state forms, which are generally sensitive to oxidative conditions.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

Authors would like to acknowledge financial support of Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, under Contract numbers 451–03-9/2022–14/200105 (N. Manić) and 451–03-68/2022–14/200017 (B. Janković). Authors express special gratitude to dr Snežana Popović from Faculty of Sciences (University of Novi Sad, Serbia) for the help in TA measurements and useful instructions. Also, authors would like to thank the regular member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU), dr Slavko Mentus, for useful suggestions and comments regarding this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, dr Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Dijana Jelić & Anđela Marković

  2. Institute of Public Health of Republika Srpska, Jovana Dučića 1, 78000, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Mirjana Đermanović

  3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, 78000, Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Mirjana Đermanović

  4. Laboratory for Thermal Analysis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Kraljice Marije 16, Belgrade, 11120, Serbia

    Nebojša Manić

  5. Department of Physical Chemistry, “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, P.O. Box 522, Belgrade, 11001, Serbia

    Suzana Veličković, Filip Veljković & Bojan Janković

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Contributions

DJ was contributed to conceptualization, validation, investigation, resources, writing—review and editing, supervision. MĐ was contributed to validation, investigation, resources, visualization, supervision. AM was contributed to validation, investigation, visualization, supervision. NM was contributed to validation, investigation, visualization, supervision. SV was contributed to validation, investigation, visualization, resources, writing—review and editing, supervision. FV was contributed to validation, investigation, visualization, resources, supervision. BJ was contributed to conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, resources, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, visualization, supervision, project administration.

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Correspondence to Bojan Janković.

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Jelić, D., Đermanović, M., Marković, A. et al. Novel insight in thermo-oxidative kinetics of vitamin D-based supplement formulation using TG–DTG–DTA, ATR-FTIR and MALDI-MS techniques. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 4281–4305 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-023-12017-3

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