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Investigation of PCCI combustion and emissions of biodiesel fuel at low load conditions using design of experiment (DOE)

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Abstract

Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) is one of the most important strategies of low-temperature combustion, in which a high level of EGR can be employed to reduce the combustion temperature and to extend the ignition delay period. Due to low-temperature combustion, these engines have low exhaust NOx but the CO and UHC emission levels are high. One approach to control these emissions in PCCI combustion is the use of biodiesel fuel because of its different physical and chemical properties compared to that of diesel fuel. The purpose of the current study is the optimization of the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel-fueled PCCI engine using the design of experiments (DOE) methodology and a 3D CFD model coupled to a semi-detailed chemical kinetics mechanism. The chemical kinetics mechanism contains 69 species and 192 reactions. After validation of the model, the effects of five parameters including the start of injection, fuel injection pressure, exhaust gas recirculation, swirl ratio, and biodiesel content on PCCI engine performance and emissions are studied. The parametric study results are analyzed to find the upper and lower levels of DOE study. Then, the importance of each parameter, as well as their interactive effects on the performance and emissions, is determined using the DOE method. The results of the parametric study indicate that the most important parameters affecting the engine IMEP and exhaust HC, CO, and NOx emissions are EGR and SOI, respectively. Meanwhile, the results of the DOE study show that the interactive effect of EGR and SOI has the most significant impact on engine performance and emissions. Hence, to achieve the highest IMEP, EGR should be at its highest level and the fuel should be injected as early as possible. Also, earlier fuel injection and lower EGR percentages should be employed to reduce HC, CO, and soot emissions.

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Abbreviations

AMR:

Adaptive mesh refinement

aTDC:

After top dead center

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BDC:

Bottom dead center

bTDC:

Before top dead center

CAD:

Crank angle degrees

CA50:

Crank angle of 50% heat release

CFD:

Computational fluid dynamic

CHR:

Cumulative heat release

CI:

Compression ignition

CR:

Compression ratio

DOE:

Design of experiments

EGR:

Exhaust gas recirculation

EVO:

Exhaust valve opening

FIP:

Fuel injection pressure

GM:

General motors

HCCI:

Homogeneous charge compression ignition

HRR:

Heat release rate

ID:

Injection duration

IMEP:

Indicated mean effective pressure

ISFC:

Indicated specific fuel consumption

IVC:

Intake valve closure

LTC:

Low temperature combustion

PCCI:

Premixed charge compression ignition

RCCI:

Reactivity controlled compression ignition

ROPR:

Rate of pressure rise

SI:

Spark ignition

SOC:

Start of combustion

SOI:

Start of injection

TDC:

Top dead center

VCR:

Variable compression ratio

VGT:

Variable geometry turbocharger

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2:

Carbon dioxide

C7H16:

Normal heptane

C14H30:

Tetradecane

DEE:

Diethyl ether

HC:

Hydrocarbons

O2:

Oxygen molecule

NOx:

Oxides of nitrogen (NO + NO2)

SME:

Soy methyl ester

UHC:

Unburned hydrocarbons

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Sahand New Town, Tabriz, Iran

    Ghasem Jalivar, Rahim Khoshbakhti Saray & Elaheh Neshat

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  1. Ghasem Jalivar
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Jalivar, G., Saray, R.K. & Neshat, E. Investigation of PCCI combustion and emissions of biodiesel fuel at low load conditions using design of experiment (DOE). J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 1997–2021 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11864-w

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