Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental investigation, optimization and ANN model prediction of a gasoline premixed waste cooking oil fueled HCCI–DI engine

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, a Homogeneous charge compression ignition–Direct injection (HCCI–DI) engine was experimentally investigated with waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel and its blends with diesel as the DI fuel and gasoline as the premixed fuel. 20% of the gasoline was introduced as the premixed charge and remaining 80% of the fuel was supplied directly into the cylinder at 23° before top dead centre (TDC). The experimental results were compared with DI combustion. Early start of combustion (SOC) was observed from the WCO fueled DI combustion. Lean homogeneous combustion from the gasoline premixed HCCI–DI engine increased the ηbt up to 4.23% compared with DI combustion. NOx emissions decreased up to 11% for the WCO fueled HCCI–DI combustion unlike WCO fueled DI combustion. WCO biodiesel-fueled HCCI–DI combustion emitted 6.67% less HC emissions than diesel-fueled DI combustion. ANN modeling was projected to predict the emission and performance characteristics of the gasoline premixed HCCI–DI engine. Response surface methodology (RSM) was accustomed to optimize the engine operating parameters.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

P :

Cylinder pressure, bar

m :

Number of data set

P max :

Peak cylinder-pressure, bar

R :

Correlation coefficient

R 2 :

Coefficient of determination

V :

Volume, m3

η bt :

Brake thermal efficiency

γ :

Adiabatic exponent

θ HRRmax :

Crank angle corresponding HRRmax

θ pmax :

Crank angle corresponding Pmax

t :

Actual observation

n :

Crank angle interval, °CA

o :

Predicted output value

ANN:

Artificial neural network

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

ATAC:

Active thermo atmosphere combustion

CI:

Compression ignition

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CZO:

Copper-doped zinc oxide

DI:

Direct injection

EGR:

Exhaust gas recirculation

GDI:

Gasoline direct injection

HC:

Hydrocarbon

HCCI:

Homogeneous charge compression ignition

HRR:

Heat release rate

HRRmax :

Maximum heat release rate

MAPE:

Mean absolute percentage error

NOx:

Oxides of nitrogen

NRMSE:

Normalized root mean square error

PCCI:

Premixed charged compression ignition

PFR:

Premixed fuel ratio

RPR:

Rate of pressure rise, bar/°CA

RSM:

Response surface methodology

RSME:

Root mean square error

SFC:

Specific fuel consumption

SI:

Spark ignition

SOC:

Start of combustion

References

  1. Onishi S, Jo SH, Shoda K, Jo PD, Kato S (1979) Active thermo-atmosphere combustion (ATAC)—a new combustion process for internal combustion engines. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/790501

    Google Scholar 

  2. Noguchi M, Tanaka Y, Tanaka T, Takeuchi Y (1979) A study on gasoline engine combustion by observation of intermediate reactive products during combustion. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/790840

    Google Scholar 

  3. Najt PM, Foster DE (1983) Compression-ignited homogeneous charge combustion. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/830264

    Google Scholar 

  4. Thring RH (1989) Homogeneous-charge compression-ignition (HCCI) engines. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/892068

    Google Scholar 

  5. Ryan TW, Callahan TJ (1996) Homogeneous charge compression ignition of diesel fuel. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/961160

    Google Scholar 

  6. Iida N (1994) Combustion analysis of methanol-fueled active thermo-atmosphere combustion (ATAC) engine using a spectroscopic observation. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/940684

    Google Scholar 

  7. Aoyama T, Hattori Y, Mizuta J, Sato Y (1996) An experimental study on premixed-charge compression ignition gasoline engine. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/960081

    Google Scholar 

  8. Duret P, Venturi S (1996) Automotive calibration of the IAPAC fluid dynamically controlled two-stroke combustion process. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/960363

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gentili R, Frigo S, Tognotti L, Habert P, Lavy J (1997) Experimental study on ATAC (active thermo-atmosphere combustion) in a two-stroke gasoline engine. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/970363

    Google Scholar 

  10. Richter M, Engström J, Franke A, Aldén M, Hultqvist A, Johansson B (2000) The influence of charge inhomogeneity on the HCCI combustion process. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-2868

    Google Scholar 

  11. Morimoto SS, Kawabata Y, Sakurai T, Amano T (2001) Operating characteristics of a natural gas-fired homogeneous charge compression ignition engine (performance improvement using EGR). SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-1034

    Google Scholar 

  12. Zhao H, Li J, Ma T, Ladommatos N (2002) Performance and analysis of a 4-stroke multi-cylinder gasoline engine with CAI combustion. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0420

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wåhlin F, Cronhjort A (2004) Fuel sprays for premixed compression ignited combustion—characteristics of impinging sprays. SAE Techn Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-1776

    Google Scholar 

  14. Tanaka S (2003) Two-stage ignition in HCCI combustion and HCCI control by fuels and additives. Combust Flame 132(1–2):219–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-2180(02)00457-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kim D, Lee C (2006) Improved emission characteristics of HCCI engine by various premixed fuels and cooled EGR. Fuel 85(5–6):695–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2005.08.041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kim DS, Kim MY, Lee CS (2007) Combustion and emission characteristics of a partial homogeneous charge compression ignition engine when using two-stage injection. Combust Sci Technol 179(3):531–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200600671914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Yang D-B, Wang Z, Wang J-X, Shuai S-J (2011) Experimental study of fuel stratification for HCCI high load extension. Appl Energy 88(9):2949–2954

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Ying W, Li H, Jie Z, Longbao Z (2009) Study of HCCI–DI combustion and emissions in a DME engine. Fuel 88(11):2255–2261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ma J, Lü X, Ji L, Huang Z (2008) An experimental study of HCCI–DI combustion and emissions in a diesel engine with dual fuel. Int J Therm Sci 47(9):1235–1242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Cinar C, Can Ö, Sahin F, Yucesu HS (2010) Effects of premixed diethyl ether (DEE) on combustion and exhaust emissions in a HCCI–DI diesel engine. Appl Therm Eng 30(4):360–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wang Z, Shuai S, Wang J, Tian G (2006) A computational study of direct injection gasoline HCCI engine with secondary injection. Fuel 85(12–13):1831–1841

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Ismail HM, Ng HK, Queck CW, Gan S (2012) Artificial neural networks modelling of engine-out responses for a light-duty diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blends. Appl Energy 92:769–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.08.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Najafi G, Ghobadian B, Tavakoli T, Buttsworth D, Yusaf T, Faizollahnejad M (2009) Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels using artificial neural network. Appl Energy 86(5):630–639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.09.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Tinaut F, Melgar A, Giménez B, Reyes M (2011) Prediction of performance and emissions of an engine fuelled with natural gas/hydrogen blends. Int J Hydrogen Energy 36(1):947–956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.10.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Yusaf T, Yousif B, Elawad M (2011) Crude palm oil fuel for diesel-engines: experimental and ANN simulation approaches. Energy 36(8):4871–4878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.05.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Sharon H, Jayaprakash R, Selvan MK, Kumar DS, Sundaresan A, Karuppasamy K (2012) Biodiesel production and prediction of engine performance using SIMULINK model of trained neural network. Fuel 99:197–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.04.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yap WK, Ho T, Karri V (2012) Exhaust emissions control and engine parameters optimization using artificial neural network virtual sensors for a hydrogen-powered vehicle. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37(10):8704–8715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Gurunathan B, Ravi A (2015) Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using copper doped zinc oxide nanocomposite as heterogeneous catalyst. Biores Technol 188:124–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Dasari SR, Goud VV (2014) Effect of pre-treatment on solvents extraction and physico-chemical properties of castor seed oil. J Renew Sustain Energy 6(6):063108. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4901542

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Singh AP, Agarwal AK (2012) An experimental investigation of combustion, emissions and performance of a diesel fuelled HCCI engine. SAE Tech Pap Ser. https://doi.org/10.4271/2012-28-0005

    Google Scholar 

  31. Gürü M, Koca A, Can Ö, Çınar C, Şahin F (2010) Biodiesel production from waste chicken fat based sources and evaluation with Mg based additive in a diesel engine. Renew Energy 35(3):637–643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Sementa P, Vaglieco BM, Catapano F (2012) Thermodynamic and optical characterizations of a high performance GDI engine operating in homogeneous and stratified charge mixture conditions fueled with gasoline and bio-ethanol. Fuel 96:204–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.12.068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Gattamaneni R, Subramani S, Santhanam S, Kuderu R (2008) Combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with rice bran oil methyl ester and its diesel blends. Ther Sci 12(1):139–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Hwang J, Qi D, Jung Y, Bae C (2014) Effect of injection parameters on the combustion and emission characteristics in a common-rail direct injection diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel. Renew Energy 63:9–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Sadeghinezhad E, Kazi S, Sadeghinejad F, Badarudin A, Mehrali M, Sadri R, Safaei MR (2014) A comprehensive literature review of bio-fuel performance in internal combustion engine and relevant costs involvement. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 30:29–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Schmidt K, Gerpen JV (1996) The effect of biodiesel fuel composition on diesel combustion and emissions. SAE Tech Pap Ser 724:776–4970

    Google Scholar 

  37. Anand R, Kannan GR, Nagarajan S, Velmathi S (2010) Performance emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil. SAE Tech Pap Ser 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0478

  38. Roy S, Banerjee R, Bose PK (2014) Performance and exhaust emissions prediction of a CRDI assisted single cylinder diesel engine coupled with EGR using artificial neural network. Appl Energy 119:330–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Yusaf TF, Buttsworth D, Saleh KH, Yousif B (2010) CNG-diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis with the aid of artificial neural network. Appl Energy 87(5):1661–1669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.10.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Goyal P, Sharma MP, Jain S (2012) Optimization of conversion of high free fatty acid Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel using response surface methodology. ISRN Chem Eng 2012:1–8. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/327049

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Chennai, 600119, India

    G. M. Lionus Leo & S. Arivazhagan

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, 600066, India

    S. Sekar

Authors
  1. G. M. Lionus Leo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Sekar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. Arivazhagan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. M. Lionus Leo.

Additional information

Technical Editor: Fernando Marcelo Pereira.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lionus Leo, G.M., Sekar, S. & Arivazhagan, S. Experimental investigation, optimization and ANN model prediction of a gasoline premixed waste cooking oil fueled HCCI–DI engine. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 40, 49 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-0967-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-0967-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation