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The investigation of energy and exergy analyses in compression ignition engines using diesel/biodiesel fuel blends-a review

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Abstract

Biodiesel is used as an alternative fuel or fuel additive in diesel engines. In the literature, engine performance, exhaust emission, and thermodynamic analyses have been conducted using biodiesel, diesel–biodiesel, diesel–biodiesel–alcohol, and diesel–biodiesel–nanoparticle fuel blends as alternative fuels in diesel engines. The present research examined and discussed only studies related to energy and exergy analyses. Using energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and destroyed exergy values, a distinct perspective has been given to using biodiesel as an alternative fuel. While a certain decrease occurs in engine power with biodiesel, an improvement is observed in engine emissions. Hence, the exergy efficiency of biodiesel fuel blends is lower than pure diesel fuel. Some studies in the literature have reported exergy destruction due to the use of biodiesel to be 5–15% higher than pure diesel fuel.The exergy efficiency of some biodiesel types is very low compared to diesel fuel. When nanoparticles such as Al2O3 and TiO2 are added to diesel–biodiesel fuel blends, exergy destruction in the engine decreases and, thus, the useful work increases. Whereas nanoparticles ensure a 2–5% power increase in diesel–biodiesel blends, they cause exergy destruction to decrease at the same rate. This study reviewed in detail the effects of using biodiesel fuels in diesel engines on energy and exergy performance and aimed to contribute to researchers working in this field.

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Abbreviations

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

B5:

5% Biodiesel and 95% diesel

B10:

10% Biodiesel and 90% diesel

B20:

20% Biodiesel and 80% diesel

B30:

30% Biodiesel and 70% diesel

B40:

50% Biodiesel and 50% diesel

B50:

50% Biodiesel

B100:

100% Biodiesel

BDF100:

100% Biodiesel fuel

BMEP:

Brake mean effective pressure

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

BSEC:

Brake specific energy consumption

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

CDC:

Conventional diesel combustion

CI:

Compression ignition

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

DFRCCI:

Dual fuel reactivity-controlled compression ignition

DI:

Direct injection

DOHC:

Dual overhead camshaft engine

EGR:

Exhaust gas recirculation

EPS:

Expanded polystyrene

GDI:

Gasoline direct injection

HC:

Unburned hydrocarbon

HCC:

Hemispherical combustion chamber

HOME:

High-oleic soybean oil methyl ester

JIS#2:

Japanese industrial standard diesel no. 2

MAB:

Microalgae biodiesel

MB:

Microalgae biodiesel

MOME:

Mahua oil methyl ester

NEEM:

Neem seed oil biodiesel

NOX :

Nitrogen oxide

OPB:

Opium poppy biodiesel

O2 :

Oxygen

PB:

Palm biodiesel

PPME:

Pongamia pinata methyl ester

RO:

Rapeseed oil biodiesel

TCC:

Toroidal combustion chamber

TCI:

Transistor coil ignition

TRCC:

Trapezoidal combustion chamber

TiO2 :

Titanium dioxide

SB:

Simarouba biodiesel

SME:

Soybean oil methyl ester

SMBO:

Spirulina microalgae bio-oil

SO:

Soybean biodiesel

SRME:

Shorea robusta methyl ester

YGME:

Yellow grease methyl ester

WCO:

Waste cooking oil

WFOB:

Waste frying oil biodiesel

c :

Specific heat capacity (kJ kg−1 K−1)

E :

Energy rate (kW)

\(\dot{{Ex}}\) :

Exergy rate (kW)

Hu:

Heat value of fuel (kJ kg−1)

h :

Enthalpy (kJ)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

n :

Engine speed (rpm)

Nm:

Newton meter

P :

Pressure (kPa)

P 0 :

Pressure of the environment (kPa)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate (kW)

R:

Gas constant (kJ kg−1 K−1)

\(\overline{\mathrm{R} }\) :

Universal gas constant (8.314 J mol K−1)

T :

Temperature (K)

T 0 :

Temperature of the environment (K)

rpm:

Revolutions per minute

s :

Entropy (kJ kg−1 K−1)

s gen :

Entropy generated (kW K−1)

y e :

Component mole fraction (%)

\(\dot{W}\) :

Work (kW)

η :

Thermal efficiency

η ex :

Exergy efficiency

µ :

Gas viscosity

φ :

Fuel exergy factor

ε :

Flow exergy

air:

Air

av:

Average

chem:

Chemical

cw:

Cooling water

dest:

Destruction

ex:

Exhaust

heat:

Heat transfer

in:

Inlet

fuel:

Fuel

loss:

Loss

out:

Outlet

p:

Potential

phy:

Physical

ref:

Reference

s:

Source

w:

Work

0:

Environmental conditions

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

    Battal Doğan

  2. Department of Automotive Technology, Kırıkkale Vocational School, Kırıkkale University, 71450, Kırıkkale, Turkey

    Derviş Erol

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  1. Battal Doğan
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  2. Derviş Erol
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Doğan, B., Erol, D. The investigation of energy and exergy analyses in compression ignition engines using diesel/biodiesel fuel blends-a review. J Therm Anal Calorim 148, 1765–1782 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11862-y

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