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Experimental and CFD analysis of dimple tube parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) with TiO2 nanofluids

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Abstract

Recently, parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) efficiency enhancement with nanoparticle concentrations has been identified as a potential research area. In this research, the performance of PTSC with dimple tube with TiO2/DI–H2O (De-Ionized Water) nanofluid has been analysed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The size of the nanoparticle was in the range of 10–15 nm. Different volume concentrations of the nanoparticles in the range of 0.1–0.5%, in steps of 0.1%, were chosen to prepare the nanofluids to carry out the experiments. Experimental and CFD analysis is compared to TiO2 nanofluid with water (base fluid) at varying mass flow rates (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 kg min−1) in a turbulent flow system using Dimples tube. Furthermore, PTSC parametric values were determined from test results such as friction factor, uncertainty analysis, Reynolds number, solar collector efficiency, Nusselt Number, and Convective heat transfer coefficient. In comparison, the convective heat transfer coefficient of the TiO2 nanofluids with the base fluid is increased to 34.25% with the dimples tube. The highest performance increase in PTSC with a mass flow rate of 2.5 kg min−1 and 0.3% volume concentration gives overall optimized results in absolute energy absorption, gradient temperature, and efficiency of the solar water heater. The nanofluid’s output index is 2.42 with a 0.3% mass flow rate and a concentration of 1.5 kg min−1. The PTSC with TiO2 nanofluid has a maximum overall efficiency of 34.25%, which is 11% higher than the overall efficiency of the base fluid. At a mass flow rate of 3.0 kg min−1 and 0.5% volume concentration, the pressure drop was increased by about 5.68% compared to the mass flow rate of 2.5 kg min−1.

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Abbreviations

\({(C}_{\mathrm{P}}.\rho {)}_{{\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}}\) :

Collector heat gain (kJ K−1 m−3)

\({\eta }_{\mathrm{c}}\) :

Collector efficiency (%)

\(\frac{{T}_{\mathrm{O}}-{T}_{\mathrm{I}}}{{T}_{\mathrm{ref}}}\) :

Parameter of heat loss °C

\(\frac{{U}_{\mathrm{L}}{F}_{\mathrm{R}}}{C}\) :

Parameter of removal energy (kg m2 s−2)

\({\ni }_{\mathrm{V}}\) :

Velocity flow rate (m s−1)

\({\ni }_{\mathrm{V}}\) :

Pressure drop (Pa)

\({C}_{{\mathrm{P}}_{{\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}}}\) :

Specific heat capacity of nanofluid (kJ kg−1 K−1)

\({C}_{\mathrm{p}}\) :

Specific heat capacity (kJ kg−1 K−1)

\({F}_{\mathrm{R}}({\eta }_{c})=\alpha \tau ({F}_{\mathrm{R}})\) :

Indicates the energy parameter

\({Q}_{\mathrm{g}}\) :

Collector efficiency (%)

\({T}_{\mathrm{O}}\) :

Outer radiation temperature °C

\({T}_{\mathrm{ref}}\) :

Overall temperature °C

\({g}_{\mathrm{x}},{g}_{\mathrm{y}},{g}_{\mathrm{z}}\) :

Asymmetrical gravity component

\({k}_{\mathrm{t}}\) :

Thermal conductivity of the working fluid (W m−1 K−1)

\({\rho }_{{\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}}\) :

The density of titanium dioxide in (kg m−3)

\(\Delta T\) :

Temperature gradient °C

CFD:

Computational Fluid Dynamics

DI-H2O:

De-ionized water

F:

Friction factor

IEA:

International energy agency

Nu:

Nusselt number

PTSC:

Parabolic trough solar collector

Re:

Reynolds number

TiO2 :

Titanium dioxide

\(T\) :

Nanofluid initial temperature °C

\(u , v, w\) :

Velocity vector

\(\beta \rho\) :

Optimal efficiency

\(\mu\) :

Momentum parameter (kg s−1)

\(\varphi\) :

Convective heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely thank Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore, India, for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India

    M. Arun

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India

    Debabrata Barik

  3. Department of Electronics Communication Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641021, India

    K. P. Sridhar

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Arun, M., Barik, D. & Sridhar, K.P. Experimental and CFD analysis of dimple tube parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) with TiO2 nanofluids. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 14039–14056 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11572-5

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