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Thermal hazard evaluation conjoined with product analysis of two water-soluble azo compounds

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Abstract

Azo compounds are widely used in polymerization as an initiator for chain polymerization reactions. Although they have excellent initiating properties, the thermal instability and associated risk of ignition and explosion cannot be ignored. This paper aimed to decode the thermal behavior and evaluation thermal hazards of two water-soluble azo initiators 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) and 2,2′-azobis(2-(2-imidazoline-2-yl) propane) dihydrochloride (AIBI). Thermogravimetric analysis and adiabatic experiments were used to investigate the decomposition process of these two azos under atmospheric and adiabatic conditions. The apparent activation energy (Ea) and time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions (TMRad) were obtained based on above experiments. Decomposition products and mechanisms of AIBA and AIBI were preliminarily studied using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer system. Results showed that most decomposition products of AIBA and AIBI still existed in the form of organic compounds under nitrogen conditions. Furthermore, the leakage of pyrolysis gas (such as ammonia) should be prevented from causing environmental pollution.

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Abbreviations

A :

Pre-exponential factor/s–1

C p :

Sample heat capacity/kJ kg–1 K–1

C 0 :

Initial concentration of the reaction/mol L–1

E a :

Apparent activation energy/kJ mol–1

k :

Rate constant/mol1–n Ln–1 s–1

M :

Mass of samples/kg

m m :

Maximum self-heating rate/°C min–1

m T :

Self-heating rate measured at temperature T/°C min–1

n :

Reaction order

P m :

Maximum pressure/bar

P r :

Pressure rise rate/bar min–1

R :

Molar gas constant/J kg–1 K–1

S :

Wetted surface area/cm2

SADT :

Self-accelerating decomposition temperature/oC

T :

Reaction thermodynamic temperature/K

T D8 :

Temperature at which the TMRad is 8 h/oC

T D24 :

Temperature at which the TMRad is 24 h/ oC

T end :

End temperature/oC

T i :

Measured initial exothermic temperature/oC

T m :

Maximum temperature/oC

T NR :

Temperature of no return/K

T onset :

Onset temperature/oC

T peak :

Peak temperature/oC

T r :

Self-heating rate/oC min–1

TMR ad :

Time to maximum rate under adiabatic conditions/min

t m :

Time at Tm

U :

Heat transfer coefficient/J cm–2 K–1 s–1

α :

Conversion degree

β :

Heating rate/°C min–1

\({\theta }_{{T}_{\mathrm{NR}}}\) :

Time constant/min

Φ :

Thermal inertia

ΔT ad :

Measured adiabatic temperature rise/oC

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China, under the Contract Number 1908085ME125 as well as the National Natural Science Foundation, China (52104177).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology (AUST), 168, Taifeng St., Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China

    Rui-Lei Guo & Shang-Hao Liu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, AUST, 168, Taifeng St., Huainan, 232001, Anhui, China

    Shang-Hao Liu

  3. Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, Center for Process Safety and Industrial Disaster Prevention, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan

    Chi-Min Shu

Authors
  1. Rui-Lei Guo
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Contributions

R-LG: Conceptualization (lead), Methodology (lead), Writing—Original draft preparation (lead), Writing—Review & editing (lead), Formal Analysis (lead), Visualization (lead). S-HL: Writing—Review & editing (supporting), Funding Acquisition (lead), Formal Analysis (supporting), Visualization (supporting). C-MS: Writing—Reviewing & Editing (equal).

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Correspondence to Shang-Hao Liu.

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Guo, RL., Liu, SH. & Shu, CM. Thermal hazard evaluation conjoined with product analysis of two water-soluble azo compounds. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 10775–10784 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11257-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11257-z

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