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Integration of thermal performance of sour cherry concentration plant with 3E procedures: energy, exergy and exergoeconomy

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Abstract

Concentrate industry is a major section in agro-industry dealing with massive consumption of energy. An extensive research was done in this study on the energetic, exergetic and exergoeconomic (3E) assessment of steam generation unit and evaporation line in the sour cherry concentration plant. Along with thermodynamic inefficiencies, precise costs of inefficiencies in subsystems were detected. Through thermography, likely zones of heat dissipation were extracted. Although such dissipation may not sense significant from thermodynamic scope, it was proved that it contributes significantly to costs of energy losses deduced from exergoeconomic. The results revealed that total rate of energy loss in the evaporation line is 4891.40 kW, 75.13% of which is assigned to the cooling tower. High exergy destruction rates in the steam generation unit, 17.66-fold greater than evaporation line, questions the reliability of mere exergy efficiency. Cost balances elucidated that total operational cost for evaporation line is 41778.29 USD hr−1 and 1473.39 USD hr−1 for steam generation unit. The dominant factor for such economic load on the process is exergetic destruction rate. Results strongly recommend that in order to optimize the process economically, improving the evaporation line is prioritized to steam generation unit.

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Abbreviations

h :

Specific enthalpy (kJ kg−1)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

P :

Pressure (kPa)

s :

Specific entropy (kJ kg−1 K−1)

T :

Temperature (K also °C)

\(\dot{C}\) :

Cost rate (USD hr−1)

Z :

Capital cost (USD)

\(\dot{Z}\) :

Capital cost rate (USD hr−1)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate (kW)

N :

Annual factory operation hours (hr)

n :

Number of operation years mole number

\({\dot{\text{E}}\text{x}}\) :

Exergy rate (kW)

ex:

Specific exergy (kJ kg−1)

\({\dot{\text{E}}\text{n}}\) :

Energy rate (kW)

\(\dot{W}\) :

Power (kW)

\(\varepsilon_{{\text{i}}}\) :

Standard chemical exergy (kJ mol−1)

X i :

Mole fraction

V :

Specific volume

C P :

Specific heat capacity (kJ kg−1 K−1)

R :

Gas constant (kJ kg−1 K−1)

c :

Cost per unit exergy (USD kJ−1)

CRF:

Capital recovery factor

SPECO:

Specific exergy costing

\({\text{LHV}}\) :

Lower heat value (kJ kg−1)

EES:

Engineering equation solver

F:

Fuel

P:

Product

tot:

Total

a:

Dry air

ch:

Chemical

L:

Loss

v:

Vapor

i:

Inlet also interest rate (decimal)

e:

Exit

D:

Destroyed

0:

Dead state

\({\upxi }\) :

Fuel quality factor

\({\mathcal{R}}\) :

Universal gas constant (kJ kmol−1 K−1)

\(\varphi\) :

Maintenance factor

ρ:

Density (kg m−3)

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the cooperation and assistance of Pakdis Company for providing the processing lines and units and experimentations. Also appreciation is expressed to engineering office of the company, Eng. Jasour and Eng. Hasheminezhad, for their consistent technical help.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Nasim Sedaghat Herfeh, Hossein Mobli & Alireza Keyhani

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering of Biosystems, Urmia University, P.O. Box 165, Urmia, Iran

    Ali M. Nikbakht & Ahmad Piri

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  1. Nasim Sedaghat Herfeh
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Correspondence to Ali M. Nikbakht.

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Herfeh, N.S., Mobli, H., Nikbakht, A.M. et al. Integration of thermal performance of sour cherry concentration plant with 3E procedures: energy, exergy and exergoeconomy. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 10419–10437 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-022-11244-4

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