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Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of various biodiesel blends

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Abstract

This experimentation explores the usage of three types of biodiesel consisting of palm, jatropha and cottonseed incorporated in a single-cylinder four-stroke CI engine to evaluate the performance, emission and combustion indices. The objective of this study is to prepare biodiesel blends of three types: (i) primary, (ii) binary and (iii) ternary, and investigate their behaviors to identify the optimal blends that produce the lowest emissions and adequate performance with no significant engine modifications. Experimental investigations carried out in this study indicate that by increasing biodiesel quantity in the blend, a rise in brake thermal efficiency and a marginal increase in brake specific fuel consumption were deduced. P30 blend was superior among the biodiesel blends, showing a maximum thermal efficiency of 36.83%. Biodiesel blends were reported to emit lower NOx emissions at higher loads and increased NOx at low loads compared to diesel. Culminated values of NOx were shown by CS30 (601 ppm); similarly, binary blend PJ30 showed a curtailed amount of NOx (497 ppm) at 20 N-m loading. Lower emissions of unburnt hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide are noticed for biodiesel blends with values lying in a range of 35–40 ppm and 0.04%, respectively, while the smoke emissions escalated for biodiesel blends reaching up to 76% for PJCS20. Among combustion indices, biodiesels showed lower heat release rate (HRR) and lower maximum pressure than diesel and increasing blend ratio resulted in lower HRR and higher pressure. P10 blend was observed to be providing better performance and emissions (lowered HC and CO) compared to all other blends.

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Abbreviations

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

BSFC:

Brake specific fuel consumption

BMEP:

Brake mean effective pressure

BTDC:

Before top dead center

EGR:

Exhaust gas re-circulation

DTBP:

Di-tert-butyl peroxide

DI:

Direct injection

HCCI:

Homogeneous charge compression ignition

BHT:

Butylated hydroxytoluene

Pmax:

Peak pressure

SOC:

Start of combustion

MHRR:

Maximum heat release rate

D:

Diesel 100%

P10:

Palm 10% + diesel 90%

P20:

Palm 20% + diesel 80%

P30:

Palm 30% + diesel 70%

J10:

Jatropha 10% + diesel 90%

J20:

Jatropha 20% + diesel 80%

J30:

Jatropha 30% + diesel 70%

CS10:

Cottonseed 10% + diesel 90%

CS20:

Cottonseed 20% + diesel 80%

CS30:

Cottonseed 30% + diesel 70%

PJ10:

Palm 5% + jatropha 5% + diesel 90%

PJ20:

Palm 10% + jatropha 10% + diesel 80%

PJ30:

Palm 15% + jatropha 15% + diesel 70%

JCS10:

Jatropha 5% + cottonseed 5% + diesel 90%

JCS20:

Jatropha 10% + cottonseed 10% + diesel 80%

JCS30:

Jatropha 15% + cottonseed 15% + diesel 70%

PCS10:

Palm 5% + cottonseed 5% + diesel 90%

PCS20:

Palm 10% + cottonseed 10% + diesel 80%

PCS30:

Palm 15% + cottonseed 15% + diesel 70%

PJCS10:

Palm 3.33% + jatropha 3.33% + cottonseed 3.33% + diesel 90%

PJCS20:

Palm 6.66% + jatropha 6.66% + cottonseed 6.66% + diesel 80%

PJCS30:

Palm 10% + jatropha 10% + cottonseed 10% + diesel 70

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) Chennai, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600127, India

    Abhishek Chaudhary, Shreyash Hemant Panchal, Aashirwad Surana, M. Sreekanth & M. Feroskhan

  2. National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala, India

    Saleel Ismail

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  1. Abhishek Chaudhary
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  2. Shreyash Hemant Panchal
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Chaudhary, A., Panchal, S.H., Surana, A. et al. Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of various biodiesel blends. J Therm Anal Calorim 147, 2455–2479 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-021-10642-4

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