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Prediction of the release process of the nitrogen-extinguishant binary mixture considering surface tension

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Abstract

Nitrogen used for pressurization in the extinguisher can be partially dissolved in the fire extinguishing agent. Consequently, the evolution of the dissolved nitrogen has a significant effect on the release behavior of the fire extinguishing agent in a rapid process. In this article, a new model was developed to predict the critical pressure of the nitrogen evolution and the release process of the fire extinguishing agent was described in detail. According to the Peng–Robinson equation of state and van der Waals mixing rule, the effect of the dissolved nitrogen on the surface tension of the fire extinguishant was analyzed by considering surface phase and fugacity coefficient. A method to calculate the surface tension of the liquid agent dissolved with nitrogen was proposed. The results showed that the proposed model can determine the accurate critical pressure of the evolution of the dissolved nitrogen and further evaluated whether nitrogen escapes. At different initial filling pressures, in addition, the release process of the nitrogen extinguishant such as CF3I, FC218 (C3F8), HFC125 (C2HF5) and Halon1301 (CF3Br) was well predicted by the fluid release model when taking the surface tension and adiabatic index of the mixture into account. Compared with the previously obtained experimental data, the predictions obtained indicated that the present model can adequately describe the liquid and the gas mixture release stage in the release process of the nitrogen extinguishant.

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Abbreviations

a :

Cohesive energy parameter in the PR equation of state (Pa m6 mol−2)

A :

Surface area (m2); constant defined in Eq. (9)

b :

Volumetric parameter in the PR equation of state (m3 mol−1)

B :

Constant defined in Eq. (9)

f :

Fugacity (Pa)

J :

Nucleation rate (nuclei cm−3 s−1)

k :

Binary interaction parameter

M :

Molecular mass (g)

N A :

Avogadro constant (6.02 × 1023 mol−1)

p :

Pressure (Pa)

p e :

Bubble-point pressure (Pa)

R :

Molar gas constant (8.3145 J mol−1 K−1)

T :

Absolute temperature (K)

T i :

Initial temperature (K)

v :

Molar volume (m3 mol−1)

x, X :

Mole fraction

y, Y :

Mole fraction

Z :

Compressibility factor

V :

Volume (m3)

α :

Function of temperature in the PR equation of state

α ij :

Binary parameter

κ :

Function of the acentric factor

φ :

Fugacity coefficient

ω :

Acentric factor

G :

Gas

L :

Liquid

1:

Nitrogen

2:

Agent

B:

Bulk phase

c:

Critical point

i, j:

Component identification

m:

Mixture

r:

Reduced parameter

S:

Surface phase

b:

Bottle

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from University of Hertfordshire, UK. This work was supported by China Helicopter Design and Research Institute.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China

    Siyuan Liu, Yongqi Xie & Jianzu Yu

  2. Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute, Beijing, 102200, China

    Mengdong Chen

  3. National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engines, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China

    Jianqin Zhu

  4. School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK

    Rodney Day & Hongwei Wu

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  1. Siyuan Liu
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Correspondence to Yongqi Xie or Jianqin Zhu.

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Liu, S., Xie, Y., Chen, M. et al. Prediction of the release process of the nitrogen-extinguishant binary mixture considering surface tension. J Therm Anal Calorim 145, 185–199 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10040-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-10040-2

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