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Thermo-hydraulic analysis and optimization of CuO/water nanofluid inside helically dimpled heat exchangers

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Abstract

The use of dimple technology and the use of nanofluids in different heat exchanging systems are known as powerful tools for improving heat transfer and fluid flow conditions. This work aims to prepare a comprehensive thermo-hydraulic parametric study and optimization of CuO/water nanofluid flow inside dimpled heat exchangers. The modeling procedure is based on the combination of the heat and mass transfer, fluid flow characteristics as well as the second law of thermodynamics. The parametric study is done for evaluating three thermo-hydraulic criteria (i.e., entropy generation number, Bejan number and irreversibility distribution ratio) with changing some of the most important fluid conditions (namely Reynolds number, average flow temperature and nanofluid concentration) as well as pitch ratio of the heat exchanger. Finally, the optimization is done through the combination of entropy generation minimization approach and genetic algorithm method. The results indicate that among the decision parameters, the average flow temperature and the pitch ratio have the lowest and highest effect on the entropy generation, respectively. From the optimization process, the optimum values of Reynolds number, dimensionless average flow temperature, nanofluid concentration and pitch ratio are 4610.428, 1.077, 0.000216 and 0.00326, respectively.

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Abbreviations

A :

Cross-sectional area (m2)

BN:

Bejan number (–)

c :

Specific heat (J kg−1 K−1)

d :

Diameter of dimples (m)

D h :

Hydraulic diameter (m)

EGN:

Entropy generation number (–)

(EGN)F :

Frictional entropy generation number (–)

(EGN)H :

Thermal entropy generation number (–)

f :

Friction factor (–)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

IDR:

Irreversibility distribution ratio (–)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

L :

Heat exchanger length (m)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

Nu:

Nusselt number (–)

Pr:

Prandtl number (–)

Q :

Dimensionless heat flux (–)

q′:

Heat transfer per unit length (W m−1)

Re:

Reynolds number (–)

\(\dot{S}_{\text{G}}^{\prime }\) :

Entropy generation rate per unit length (W m−1 K−1)

\(\dot{S}_{\text{G,H}}\) :

Entropy generation rate due to the fluid friction (W K−1)

\(\dot{S}_{\text{G,F}}\) :

Entropy generation rate due to the heat transfer (W K−1)

St:

Stanton number (–)

T :

Average flow temperature (K)

\(\forall\) :

Volume (m3)

φ :

Nanoparticle volumetric concentration (%)

μ :

Viscosity (N s m−2)

\({\mathcal{P}}\) :

Heat exchanger pitch ratio (–)

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

θ :

Dimensionless flow average temperature (–)

ξ :

Duty parameter of heat exchanger (–)

BF:

Basefluid

fr:

Freezing point of the base fluid

min:

Minimum

NF:

Nanofluid

opt:

Optimum

P :

Nanoparticle

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center of Computational Energy, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

    Mahdi Deymi-Dashtebayaz & Mahla Akhoundi

  2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

    Amir Ebrahimi-Moghadam & Ali Jabari Moghadam

  3. Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

    Ahmad Arabkoohsar

  4. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Mahmood Farzaneh-Gord

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  1. Mahdi Deymi-Dashtebayaz
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Deymi-Dashtebayaz, M., Akhoundi, M., Ebrahimi-Moghadam, A. et al. Thermo-hydraulic analysis and optimization of CuO/water nanofluid inside helically dimpled heat exchangers. J Therm Anal Calorim 143, 4009–4024 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09398-0

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