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Entropy generation analysis for nanofluid flow inside a duct equipped with porous baffles

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Abstract

In this research, a numerical simulation is performed to investigate thermal and viscous irreversibilities for Al2O3–water nanofluid inside a duct equipped with porous baffles. The effects of different parameters including Reynolds number, Darcy number, solid volume fraction of nanoparticles, and the number of baffle were investigated on thermal and viscous entropy generation rates and Bejan number. The results indicated that the viscous and thermal entropy generations decrease by increasing the number of baffles for N > 4. The reductions in the viscous and thermal entropy generations are 32 and 14%, respectively as the number of baffles increases in the range of 4–16. Moreover, the thermal entropy generation is dominant term in most part of the duct except along the centerline of the duct in the space between bottom and top baffles where the velocity gradients are intense.

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Abbreviations

a :

Baffle height (m)

A :

Surface (m2)

B c :

Boltzmann constant (–)

Be :

Bejan number (–)

C F :

Forchheimer coefficient (–)

C P :

Specific heat at constant pressure (J kg−1 K−1)

d f :

Molecular diameter of base fluid (nm)

d p :

Nanoparticle diameter (nm)

Da :

Darcy number (= K/H2) (–)

H :

Width the duct (m)

\(k\) :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

K :

Permeability (m2)

l BF :

Mean free path of water (–)

L 1 :

Distance of baffle from input of the duct (m)

L 2 :

Distance of baffle from output of the duct (m)

N :

Number of baffle (–)

N g :

Dimensionless local volumetric entropy generation rate (–)

N t :

Dimensionless total entropy generation rate (–)

\(p\) :

Pressure (Pa)

Pr :

Prandtl number (= υf/αf) (–)

Re :

Reynolds number (= ρfUinH/μf) (–)

S :

Baffle spacing (m)

S g :

Entropy generation rate (W m−3 K−1)

T :

Temperature (K)

u, v :

Velocity component in x and y directions, respectively (m s−1)

x, y :

Rectangular coordinates components (m)

w :

Baffle thickness (m)

λ :

Binary parameter (–)

δ :

Distance between particles (nm)

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

ε :

Porosity (–)

\(\rho\) :

Density of the fluid (kg m−3)

φ :

Solid volume fraction (–)

B:

Brownian

eff:

Effective

f:

Fluid

in:

Inlet

nf:

Nanofluid

p:

Porous

s:

Solid

w:

Wall

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, under Grant No. 45933.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91775-1111, Iran

    Hamid Shamsabadi & Javad Abolfazli Esfahani

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran

    Saman Rashidi

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  1. Hamid Shamsabadi
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Correspondence to Javad Abolfazli Esfahani.

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Shamsabadi, H., Rashidi, S. & Esfahani, J.A. Entropy generation analysis for nanofluid flow inside a duct equipped with porous baffles. J Therm Anal Calorim 135, 1009–1019 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7350-4

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