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Convective performance and particle effect analysis on aqua-antifreeze based oxomagnesium nanofluids while flowing through a micro-fin tube with twisted tapes

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Abstract

The heat transfer and entropy generation analysis upon the single-phase flow of antifreeze and water (50:50) mixture with solution combustion-derived oxomagnesium nanoparticle (volume concentration, φ = 0.05, 0.2, 0.6%) through a micro-fin tube equipped with snug fit twisted tapes (twist ratio, Y = 6, 8, 10) are investigated. The Nusselt number and friction factor enhancement are attributed towards the enhancement in the thermo-physical properties of the nanofluid, micro-fin tube geometry and the twisted tape twist ratio. The maximum Nusselt number, friction factor and performance evaluation criteria are achieved corresponding to Y = 6, φ = 0.6%. At φ = 0.6%, the Bejan number values lesser than 0.5 signify the domination of frictional entropy generation over thermal entropy generation. Therefore, the optimal Reynolds number of 7600, 7900 and 8000 for Y = 10, 8 and 6 is the limit till which the 0.6% concentrated nanofluid is deemed efficient. In addition to this, the nanofluid density measured before and after the test runs signifies the maximum particle loss at 0.6% volume concentration and lower twist ratio due to the spiral and centrifugal effects. The enhanced particle size observed based on the DLS measurements taken before and after the fluid flow test runs signifies the impact of centrifugal and spiral flow effects on the fluid molecules. The Nusselt number and friction factor correlations are predicted based on the measured data.

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Abbreviations

a, b, c, d, z :

Constants of Ravigururajan and Bergles [42] friction factor equation

Be :

Bejan number \(\left( {\frac{{s_{\text{ht}} }}{{s_{\text{ht}} + s_{\text{f}} }}} \right)\)

C p :

Specific heat (J kg−1 K−1)

CorrT:

Corrugated tube

D :

Diameter of the tube (m)

e :

Fin height (m)

EPEF:

Entropy Performance Evaluation Factor \(\left( {\frac{{Nu_{\text{enh}} \dot{Q}}}{{\left( {s_{\text{ht}} + s_{\text{f}} } \right)T}}} \right)\)

f :

Friction factor \(\left( {\frac{2D \Delta P}{{L\rho U^{2} }}} \right)\)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W m−2 K−1)

H :

Tape width (m)

I :

Current (A)

IEP:

Iso-electric point

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

L :

Length of the tube (m)

MFT:

Micro-fin tube

Mo :

Mouromtseff number \(\frac{{\rho_{\text{nf}}^{0.9} k_{\text{nf}}^{0.67} C_{\text{pnf}}^{0.33} }}{{\mu_{\text{nf}}^{0.47} }}\)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg s−1)

N :

Number of fins

Nu :

Nusselt number \(\left( {\frac{hD}{k}} \right)\)

PEC:

Performance evaluation criteria \(\frac{{\left( {Nu_{\text{enh}} /Nu} \right)}}{{\left( {f_{\text{enh}} /f} \right)^{{\left( {{\raise0.7ex\hbox{$1$} \!\mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 3}}\right.\kern-0pt} \!\lower0.7ex\hbox{$3$}}} \right)}} }}\)

p :

Fin pitch (m)

Pr :

Prandtl number \(\left( {\frac{{c_{\text{p}} \mu }}{k}} \right)\)

Q :

Heat transfer (W)

Re :

Reynolds number \(\left( {\frac{\rho UD}{\mu }} \right)\)

S :

Perimeter (m)

s :

Entropy generation (W K−1)

t :

Tube thickness (m)

T :

Temperature (°C or K)

TT:

Twisted tape

U :

Fluid velocity (m s−1)

\(\dot{V}\) :

Volume flow rate (m3 s−1)

V :

Voltage (V)

y :

180° Twist pitch (mm)

Y :

Twist ratio (y/H)

α :

Fin apex angle (o)

β :

Fin helix angle (o)

δ :

Tape thickness (mm)

\(\infty\) :

Ambient conditions

μ :

Viscosity (N s m−2)

φ :

Particle volume concentration (%)

ϕ :

Function

ρ :

Density (kg m−3)

\(\Delta P\) :

Pressure difference (bar or N m−2)

\(\Delta T\) :

Temperature difference (°C or K)

ax:

Axial

bf:

Base fluid

c:

Cross-sectional

corr:

Correlation

dim:

Dimensionless

enh:

Enhanced

exp:

Experimental

f:

Friction

fin:

Fin

h:

Hydraulic

ht:

Heat transfer

i:

Inlet

MFT:

Micro-fin tube

nf:

Nanofluid

o:

Outlet

PT:

Plain tube

r:

Relative

sw:

Swirl

w:

Wall surface

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Centre of Excellence in Energy and Nanotechnology (CEENT), S. A. Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, partially funded by the Department of Science & Technology—Science and Engineering Research Board (Grant No.SB/FTP/ETA-444/2012).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, S. A. Engineering College, Chennai, 600077, India

    S. Suseel Jai Krishnan & P. K. Nagarajan

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India

    S. Suseel Jai Krishnan

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Suseel Jai Krishnan, S., Nagarajan, P.K. Convective performance and particle effect analysis on aqua-antifreeze based oxomagnesium nanofluids while flowing through a micro-fin tube with twisted tapes. J Therm Anal Calorim 138, 1175–1191 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-019-08336-z

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