Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Crystallisation kinetics of cyclic and linear poly (butylene terephthalate)

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The isothermal crystallisation kinetics of cyclic poly (butylene terephthalate) (cPBT) were analysed using a primary-limited differential Avrami analysis, and the equilibrium melting point (\(T_{\text{m}}^{\text{o}}\)) was determined using the Hoffman–Weeks approach. Further analysis of the kinetic data using the Hoffman–Lauritzen analysis yielded the nucleation constant (K g) and the end surface free energies (σσ e). The kinetic parameters obtained for cPBT were compared with a commercial sample of linear PBT. The K g values of cPBT and linear PBT were observed to be 5.13 ± 0.02 × 105 K2 and 4.50 ± 0.02 × 105 K2, respectively. Meanwhile, the σσ e of cPBT was calculated as 6.44 ± 0.05 × 10−4 J2 m−4 and linear PBT was 5.54 ± 0.05 × 10−4 J2 m−4.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Radusch HJ. Poly(Butylene Terephthalate). In: Fakirov S, editor. Handbook of thermoplastic polyesters: homopolymer, copolymers, blends and composites. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2002. p. 389–418.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Semlyen JA. Cyclic polymers. 2nd ed. New York: Kluwer Academic; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brunelle DJ. Macrocycles for the synthesis of high molecular weight polymers. In: Ebdon JR, Eastmond GC, editors. New methods of polymer synthesis. London: Blackie; 1995. p. 197–235.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. Miller S. Macrocyclic polymer from cyclic oligomers of polybutylene terephthalate. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Massachusetts; 1998.

  5. Hall AJ, Hodge P. Recent research on the synthesis and applications of cyclic oligomers. React Funct Polym. 1999;41:133–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hall AJ, Hodge P, McGrail CS, Rickerby J. Synthesis of a series of cyclic oligo (alkylidene isophthalate) by cyclo-depolymerisation. Polymer. 2000;41:1239–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hubbard PA, Brittain WJ, Mattice WL, Brunelle DJ. Ring-size distribution in the depolymerisation of poly (butylenes terephthalate). Macromolecules. 1998;31:1518–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tripathy AR, Chen W, Kukureka SN, MacKnight WJ. Novel poly (butylene terephthalate)/poly (vinyl butyral) blends prepared by in situ polymerisation of cyclic poly (butylene terephthalate) oligomers. Polymer. 2003;44:1835–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Wan C, Zhao F, Bao X, Kandasubramaniam B, Duggan M. Surface characteristics of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane modified clay and its application in polymerisation of macrocyclic polyester oligomers. J Phys Chem B. 2008;112:11915–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Brunelle DJ, Bradt JE, Serth-Guzzo J, Takekoshi T, Evans TL, Pearce EJ, Wilson PR. Semicrystalline polymers via ring-opening polymerisation: preparation and polymerisation of alkylene phthalate cyclic oligomers. Macromolecules. 1998;31:4782–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Parton H, Baets J, Lipnik P, Goderis B, Devaux J, Verpoest I. Properties of poly (butylene terephthatlate) polymerized from cyclic oligomers and its composites. Polymer. 2005;46:9871–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Mohd Ishak ZA, Shang PP, Karger-Kocsis J. A modulated DSC study on the in situ polymerisation of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2006;84:637–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Karger-Kocsis J, Shang PP, Mohd Ishak ZA, Rosch M. Melting and crystallisation of in situ polymerized cyclic butylene terephthalates with and without organoclay: a modulated DSC study. Express Polym Lett. 2007;1(2):60–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Hakme C, Stevenson I, Maazouz A, Cassagnau P, Boiteux G, Seytre G. In situ monitoring of cyclic butylene terephtalate polymerisation by dielectric sensing. J Non-Cryst Solids. 2007;353:4362–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lotti N, Finelli L, Siracusa V, Munari A, Gazzano M. Synthesis and thermal characterization of poly (butylene terephthalate-co-thiodiethylene terephthalate) copolyesters. Polymer. 2002;43:4355–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Lehmann B, Karger-Kocsis J. Isothermal and non-isothermal crystallisation kinetics of pCBT and PBT. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2009;95:221–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Youk JH, Boulares A, Kambour RP, MacKnight WJ. Polymerisation of ethylene terephthalate cyclic oligomers with a cyclic dibutyltin initiator. Macromolecules. 2000;33:3600–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Samsudin SA, Kukureka SN, Jenkins MJ. The equilibrium melting temperature and isothermal crystallisation kinetics of cyclic poly (butylene terephthalate) and styrene maleimide (c-PBT/SMI) blends. J Therm Anal Calorim. 2013;114(3):1307–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Samsudin SA. The thermal behaviour and isothermal crystallisation of cyclic poly (butylene terephthalate) and its blends. Ph.D. thesis. The University of Birmingham; 2010.

  20. Samsudin SA, Kukureka SN, Jenkins MJ. Miscibility in cyclic poly (butylene terephthalate) and styrene maleimide blends prepared by solid-dispersion and in situ polymerisation of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers within styrene maleimide. J Appl Polym Sci. 2012;126:E290–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Hoffman JD, Weeks JJ. Melting process and equilibrium melting temperature of polychlorotrifluoroethylene. J Res NBS A Phys Chem. 1962;66:13–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Huang JM, Chang FC. Crystallisation kinetics of poly (trimethylene terephthalate). J Polym Sci Pol Phys. 2000;38:934–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Avrami M. Kinetic of phase change I: general theory. J Chem Phys. 1939;7:1103–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Avrami M. Kinetic of phase change II: transformation-time relations for random distribution of nuclei. J Chem Phys. 1940;8:212–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Al Lafi AG, Hay JN, Parker DJ. The effect of proton irradiation on the melting and isothermal crystallisation of poly (ether-ether-ketone). J Polym Sci Pol Phys. 2008;46:1094–103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Booth A, Hay JN. The use of differential scanning calorimetry to study polymer crystallisation kinetics. Polymer. 1969;10:95–104.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Jenkins MJ, Cao Y, Kukureka SN. The effect of molecular weight on the crystallisation kinetics and equilibrium melting temperature of poly (tetramethylene ether glycol). Polym Adv Technol. 2006;17:1–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Wunderlich B. Macromolecular physics: crystal nucleation, growth, annealing, vol. 2. London: Academic Press; 1976.

  29. Di Lorenzo ML. Spherulite growth rates in binary polymer blends. Prog Polym Sci. 2003;28:663–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Cebe P, Hong SD. Crystallisation behaviour of poly (ether-ether-ketone). Polymer. 1986;27:1183–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Soccio M, Lotti N, Finelli L, Munari A. Effect of transesterification reactions on the crystallisation behaviour and morphology of poly (butylene/diethylene succinate) block copolymers. Eur Polym J. 2009;45:171–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Lauritzen JI Jr, Hoffman JD. Extension of theory of growth of chain-folded polymer crystals to large undercoolings. J Appl Phys. 1973;44:4340–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Support from the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and Cyclics Corp. is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank Mr. F. Biddlestone, University of Birmingham, for his technical support and assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering (FCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Sani A. Samsudin

  2. School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering and Physical Science, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

    Sani A. Samsudin, Stephen N. Kukureka & Mike J. Jenkins

Authors
  1. Sani A. Samsudin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Stephen N. Kukureka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mike J. Jenkins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sani A. Samsudin.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Samsudin, S.A., Kukureka, S.N. & Jenkins, M.J. Crystallisation kinetics of cyclic and linear poly (butylene terephthalate). J Therm Anal Calorim 128, 457–463 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5921-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-016-5921-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation