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Flame retarded composite panels from sugar beet residues

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Abstract

Sugar beet residues and various additives were used to prepare panels by forming the semi-dry or wet mixtures and pressing the composites at a temperature of 150 °C and pressures of 100–5410 kPa for up to 105 min. The highest panel density and second highest thickness were observed when a combination of calcium hydroxide and boric acid were used as additives using the semi-dry procedure. SEM images revealed that at pressures over 1000 kPa the cell wall structure of sugar beet was completely unrecognizable. The FTIR results indicated that the non-cellulosic polysaccharides contributed significantly to the properties of the panels by acting as adhesives. The best flame retardant parameters were also obtained with the calcium hydroxide/boric acid formulation. In comparison to composites prepared from recycled paper and mixtures of sugar beet shreds with recycled paper, higher density panels were prepared at lower pressure from sugar beet sources.

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Abbreviations

AEHC:

Average effective heat of combustion

AHRR60:

Heat release rate averaged over 60 s after sustained ignition

AMLR:

Average mass loss rate

ASEA:

Average specific extinction area

B:

Sample made with H3BO3

BCa:

Sample modified with H3BO3 and subsequently with Ca(OH)2

Ca:

Sample made with Ca(OH)2

CaB:

Sample modified with Ca(OH)2 and subsequently with H3BO3

CaP:

Sample made with Ca(OH)2/H2O2

FR:

Fire retardant

FTIR:

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry

HRR:

Heat release rate

MS:

Sample made with MgSO4

MSP:

Sample made with MgSO4/H2O2

MSSiP:

Sample made with MgSO4/Na2SiO3/H2O2

P:

Sample made with H2O2

PHRR:

Peak heat release rate

PoISP:

Total smoke production for period after sample ignition

PrISP:

Total smoke production for the period prior to sample ignition

PSiMS:

Sample made with H2O2/Na2SiO3/MgSO4

RH:

Relative humidity

RHR:

Rate of heat release

RM:

Residual mass as percentage of original mass

RP:

Sample made with recycled paper

RS:

Sample made with sugar beet shreds refined to dimensions less than either 0.254 or 1.27 mm

SBS:

Sample made with non-refined sugar beet shreds

SC:

Sample made with Na2CO3

SCP:

Sample made with Na2CO3/H2O2

SEM:

Scanning Electron Microscope

Si:

Sample made with Na2SiO3

SiP:

Sample made with Na2SiO3/H2O2

SML:

Sample mass loss

THR:

Total heat released on a per mass basis

TPHRR:

Time to PHRR

TPSEA:

Time for peak SEA

TSI:

Time to sustained ignition

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Acknowledgements

Author would like to acknowledge the Fulbright Foundation, Forest Products Laboratory, and Slovak Granting Agency VEGA (Project No 2/0087/11) as well as Robert H. White, John F. Hunt, Nicole Stark, Anne M. Fuller, Daniel J. Yelle, Umesh P. Agarwal, Sally A. Ralph and Thomas A. Kuster for support and helpful discussions. This project was conducted by the author during a visit to the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory as a Fulbright Scholar Visiting Scientist.

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  1. Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    Ivan Šimkovic

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  1. Ivan Šimkovic
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Correspondence to Ivan Šimkovic.

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Šimkovic, I. Flame retarded composite panels from sugar beet residues. J Therm Anal Calorim 109, 1445–1455 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1879-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1879-9

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