Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Heating rate effect on the thermal behavior of ammonium nitrate and its blends with limestone and dolomite

  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of heating rate on the thermal behavior of ammonium nitrate (AN) and on the kinetic parameters of decomposition of AN and its blends with limestone and dolomite was studied on the basis of commercial fertilizer-grade AN and several Estonian limestone and dolomite samples. Experiments were carried out under dynamic heating conditions up to 900 °C at heating rates of 2, 5, 10 and 20 °C min−1 in a stream of dry air using Setaram Labsys 2000 equipment. For calculation of kinetic parameters, the TG data were processed by differential isoconversional method of Friedman. The variation of the value of activation energy E along the reaction progress α showed a complex character of decomposition of AN—interaction of AN with limestone and dolomite additives with the formation of nitrates as well as decomposition of these nitrates at higher temperatures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Vyazovkin S, Clawson JS, Wight CA. Thermal dissociation kinetics of solid and liquid ammonium nitrate. Chem Mater. 2001;13:960–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Oxley JC, Kauchik SM, Gilson NS. Thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate-based composites. Thermochim Acta. 1989;153:269–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Olszak-Humienik M. On the thermal stability of some ammonium salts. Thermochim Acta. 2001;378:107–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Oxley JC, Smith JL, Rogers E, Yu Ming. Ammonium nitrate: thermal stability and explosivity modifiers. Thermochim Acta. 2002;384:23–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Zeman S, Kohlíćek P, Maranda A. A study of chemical micromechanism governing detonation initiation of condensed explosive mixtures by means of differential thermal analysis. Thermochim Acta. 2003;398:185–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Brower KR, Oxley JC, Tewari M. Evidence for homolytic decomposition of ammonium nitrate at high temperature. J Phys Chem. 1989;93:1029–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Koga N, Tanaka H. Effect of sample mass on the kinetics of thermal decomposition of a solid. Part 1. Isothermal mass-loss process of molten NH4NO3. Thermochim Acta. 1992;209:127–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Koga N, Tanaka H. Effect of sample mass on the kinetics of thermal decomposition of a solid. Part 3. Non-isothermal mass-loss process of molten NH4NO3. Thermochim Acta. 1994;240:141–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Carvalheira P, Gadiot GMHJL, de Klerk WPC. Thermal decomposition of phase-stabilised ammonium nitrate (PSAN), hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based propellants. The effect of iron(III)oxide burning-rate catalyst. Thermochim Acta. 1995;269/270:273–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Simões PN, Pedroso LM, Portugal AA, Campos JL. Study of the decomposition of phase stabilized ammonium nitrate (PSAN) by simultaneous thermal analysis: determination of kinetic parameters. Thermochim Acta. 1998;319:55–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kaljuvee T, Edro E, Kuusik R. Influence of lime-containing additives on the thermal behaviour of ammonium nitrate. J Therm Anal Cal. 2008;92:215–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Friedman HL. Kinetics of thermal degradation of char-forming plastics from thermogravimetry. Application to a phenolic plastic. J Polym Sci. 1965;6C:183–95.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Flynn IH, Wall LA. A quick, direct method for the determination of activation energy from thermogravimetric data. Polym Lett. 1966;4:323–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Ozawa T. Kinetic analysis of derivative curves in thermal analysis. Therm J. Anal Cal. 1970;2:301–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Vyazovkin S. Model-free kinetics. Staying free of multiplying entities without necessity. J Therm Anal Cal. 2006;83:45–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. AKTS AG. AKTS Software and SETARAM Instruments: a global solution for kinetic analysis and determination of the thermal stability of materials. Siders: AKTS AG; 2006. 88 pp.

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was partly supported by Estonian Science Foundation (G7548).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086, Tallinn, Estonia

    T. Kaljuvee, I. Rudjak, E. Edro & A. Trikkel

Authors
  1. T. Kaljuvee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. Rudjak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. Edro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Trikkel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to T. Kaljuvee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kaljuvee, T., Rudjak, I., Edro, E. et al. Heating rate effect on the thermal behavior of ammonium nitrate and its blends with limestone and dolomite. J Therm Anal Calorim 97, 215–221 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0263-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-009-0263-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation