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Porous V2O5 ion-storage film as the counter electrode of electrochromic WO3 film: Optimization via Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

  • Original Paper: Devices based on sol-gel or hybrid materials
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Abstract

Electrochromic glass, one of the green energy-saving building materials, get more and more attention. The advancement of efficient ion storage film become a hot topic of research. The porous V2O5 ion-storage film was prepared by sol-gel method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the pore-former. The peak current of porous V2O5 films heated at 300 °C increased substantially due to the volatility temperature of PEG at 285 °C. The mutual effects of the PEG content, heat treatment temperature, and heat treatment time on the structure and electrochromic properties of porous V2O5 film were investigated by the response surface method (RSM). The results show that the influence extent on ion storage is: heat treatment temperature > PEG content > heat treatment time. Under optimized process parameters of PEG content 6.2 g/100 mL sol, heat treatment time 4 h, heat treatment temperature 310 °C, the porous V2O5 film exhibited excellent ion storage capacity (87.28 mC·cm−2). The electrochromic device (ECD) with optimized porous V2O5 ion-storage film as the counter electrode of electrochromic WO3 film has been successfully assembled, which shows fascinating performance with high optical contrast (87.8% at 550 nm) and fast response time (bleaching/coloring: 4.5/3.7 s).

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

  • The porous V2O5 ion-storage films were prepared by sol-gel method with PEG as pore-former.

  • Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the process parameter.

  • The sequence of the effect of the ion storage capacity is heat treatment temperature > PEG content > heat treatment time.

  • Electrochromic devices (ECD) was assembled with porous V2O5 film as the counter electrode of WO3 film.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of China (Grant No.201910058016), Tianjin Science and Technology Planning Project (20YDTPJC00800 and 22YFZCSN00010) and Tianjin SYP Engineering Glass Co., Ltd. We would also like to thank the Analytical & Testing Center of Tiangong University for structured illumination microscopy work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China

    Zixin Pan, Xiaoping Liang, Su Yan, Jing Zeng & Jinshuo Bai

  2. Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory of Functional Glass, Tianjin SYP Engineering Glass Co. Ltd, Tianjin, 300409, PR China

    Dequan Zhang & Guixiang Yang

  3. School of Materials Science and Engineering & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials, 300384, Tianjin, China

    Zhifeng Liu

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  1. Zixin Pan
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Pan, Z., Liang, X., Yan, S. et al. Porous V2O5 ion-storage film as the counter electrode of electrochromic WO3 film: Optimization via Response Surface Methodology (RSM). J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 107, 548–559 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-023-06174-y

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