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Textile waste-reinforced cotton-silica aerogel composites for moisture regulation and thermal/acoustic barrier

  • Original Paper: Nano- and macroporous materials (aerogels, xerogels, cryogels, etc.)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Silica aerogel composites reinforced with reclaimed cotton fibers obtained from textile industry wastes are here presented. These fibers were obtained from fabric leftovers of textile clothing industry, using only mechanical processes for reverting wasted fabric scraps to elementary fibers. The syntheses were carried out following environmentally friendly solutions. The post-gelation silylation/washing steps were performed applying ethyl acetate, recognized as a non-hazardous solvent. The tetraethyl orthosilicate-based aerogel composites were developed with a co-precursor having a non-hydrolysable bulky branch, isobutyltriethoxysilane, aiming to reduce brittleness and increase hydrophobicity. The aerogel matrix composition used here, reinforcement conception and modification solvent are being presented for the first time in the literature. The composites, manufactured in small cylindrical-shape (diameter ~3 cm) and disk-shape (diameter ~9 cm and ~14 cm) were silylated with hexamethyldisilazane and ambient pressure dried. Thermal conductivities were assessed by non-stationary and steady-state methods, the later yielding values 25–37% lower, achieving a value as low as 21 ± 3 mW m–1 K–1. The composites exhibit a high degree of flexibility conferred by the embedded cotton fibers, that imparted as well good acoustic insulation, since at frequencies near 1300 Hz, the sound absorption coefficient is 0.8. Cotton fibers are well known by their moisture buffering. By taking advantage of that water adsorption/desorption, the thermal regulation ability of the aerogels is studied here as a novel application for these materials. At 85% of relative humidity, silica aerogel composites with ~15 wt% of cotton fibers adsorbed 2.6 wt% of moisture and the process reversibility was confirmed.

Silica aerogel composites reinforced with textile waste cotton fibers and processed with ethyl acetate, able to perform moisture buffering while acting as thermal and acoustic barrier.

Highlights

  • Cotton-silica aerogel composites reinforced with waste fibers obtained from fabric scraps.

  • Reclaimed industrial cotton fibers mechanically processed, without detrimental chemicals.

  • A non-hazardous solvent, ethyl acetate, used for the first time for aerogel manufacturing.

  • Multifunctional silica-aerogel composite: moisture regulator and thermal/acoustic barrier.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author.

Code availability

No codes were developed in this work, but the following licensed software was used: Microsoft® Excel for Mac (Version 16.44), Microsoft® PowerPoint for Mac (Version 16.44).

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to SASIA - Reciclagem de Fibras Têxteis, S.A. for kindly providing cotton fibers used in this work. Teresa Linhares and Beatriz Merillas also gratefully acknowledge, respectively, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT, I.P., and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities for their attributed Doctoral Grants.

Funding

Teresa Linhares acknowledges the PhD grant Ref. SFRH/BD/131819/2017, attributed by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, I.P. (FCT, Portugal), funded by national funds from MCTES (Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) and, when appropriate, co-funded by the European Commission through the European Social Fund. Consumables for the syntheses and characterizations performed at CIEPQPF and 2C2T research units were funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization, combined with Portuguese National Funds, through FCT, I.P. under the projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006910 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007136 (FCT Refs. UIDB/EQU/00102/2020 and UID/CTM/00264/2020, respectively). Beatriz Merillas work was supported by the PhD grant Ref. FPU17/03299, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018-098749-B-I00).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Coimbra, CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030–790, Coimbra, Portugal

    Teresa Linhares & Luisa Durães

  2. 2C2T-Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800–058, Guimarães, Portugal

    Teresa Linhares & Maria T. Pessoa de Amorim

  3. CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800–058, Guimarães, Portugal

    Vitor H. Carneiro

  4. Cellular Materials Laboratory (CellMat), Condensed Matter Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain

    Beatriz Merillas

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  1. Teresa Linhares
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Correspondence to Luisa Durães.

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Linhares, T., Carneiro, V.H., Merillas, B. et al. Textile waste-reinforced cotton-silica aerogel composites for moisture regulation and thermal/acoustic barrier. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 102, 574–588 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-022-05808-x

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