Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Correlation between calcination temperature and optical parameter of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles

  • Original Paper:Fundamentals of sol–gel and hybrid materials processing
  • Published:
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study endeavors toward the prediction of the relation between sol–gel process parameters and characteristics of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in order to achieve the desired properties for various applications. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized through the sol–gel method and calcined at various temperatures to study its influence on their characteristics. ZnO particles calcined at various temperatures were subjected to structural, morphological, and optical characterization. X-ray diffraction pattern exhibits the improvement in crystallinity of a hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO nanoparticles with an increase of calcination temperature. Micrographs and particle size analysis reveal that particle sizes are predominantly influenced by the calcination temperature, where a plate-like morphology at lower temperatures gradually transformed into complete nanorods at 700 °C, with the reduced agglomeration and wide particle distribution. The suppression in the intensity of blue and green emission in PL spectra at higher temperature suggests the reduction in zinc and oxygen vacancies. The disorderness (Urbach energy) was also observed to be decreasing with an increase in calcination temperature.

Highlights

  • The influence of calcination temperature on structure, morphology, and defect states of ZnO nanoparticles was studied.

  • The optimized calcination temperature for the enhanced structural and optical characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles was determined.

  • Calcination temperature increases the refractive index and dielectric constant.

  • Urbach energy reduction denotes a decrease in disorderness of the crystals with an increase in temperature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Han NS, Shim HS, Seo JH, Kim SY, Park SM, Song JK (2010) Defect states of ZnO nanoparticles: Discrimination by time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. J Appl Phys 107(8):084306 (1–7)

  2. Morkoc H, Ozgur U. General Properties of ZnO. 2009

  3. Sarma H, Chakrabortty D, Sarma KC(2014) Structural and Optical Properties of Zno Nano Particles. IOSR J Appl Phys 6(4):8–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Manzoor U, Zahra FT, Rafique S, Moin MT, Mujahid M (2015) Effect of synthesis temperature, nucleation time, and postsynthesis heat treatment of ZnO nanoparticles and Its sensing properties. J Nanomater 2015:189058 (1–6)

  5. Kayani ZN, Saleemi F, Batool I (2015) Effect of calcination temperature on the properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Appl Phys A Mater Sci Process 12(2):75–80

    Google Scholar 

  6. Ghorbani HR, Mehr FP, Pazoki H, Rahmani BM (2015) Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by direct precipitation method. Method Orient J Chem 31(1):335–338

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ashraf R, Riaz S, Kayani ZN, Naseem S (2015) Effect of calcination on properties of ZnO nanoparticles. Mater Today Proc 2(10):5468–5472

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Mornani EG, Mosayebian P, Dorranian D, Behzad K (2016) Effect of calcination temperature on the size and optical properties of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles. J Ovonic Res 12(2):75–80

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kanari N et al. (2017) Thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate hydroxide To cite this version: HAL Id: hal-01507382. Thermal Decomposition of Zinc Carbonate Hydroxide 6031(03):93–100

    Google Scholar 

  10. Wang M, Jiang L, Kim EJ, Hahn SH (2015) Electronic structure and optical properties of Zn(OH)2: LDA+U calculations and intense yellow luminescence. RSC Adv 5:87496–87503

  11. Shankar JS, Kumar SA, Periyasamy BK (2018) Studies on optical characteristics of multicolor emitting MEH-PPV/ZnO hybrid nanocomposite studies on optical characteristics of multicolor emitting MEH-PPV/ZnO Hybrid. Polym Plast Technol Eng 58(2):148–157

  12. Kurian M, Kunjachan C (2014) Investigation of size dependency on lattice strain of nanoceria particles synthesised by wet chemical methods. Int Nano Lett 4(4):73–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Khorsand Zak A, Abd. Majid WH, Abrishami ME, Yousefi R (2011) X-ray analysis of ZnO nanoparticles by Williamson-Hall and size-strain plot methods. Solid State Sci 13(1):251–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Safeera TA, Anila EI (2017) Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanophosphor by microwave combustion technique. Int J Recent Innov Eng Res 2(7):21–25

  15. Rana SB, Bhardwaj VK, Singh S, Singh A, Kaur N (2012) Influence of surface modification by 2- aminothiophenol on optoelectronics properties of ZnO nanoparticles. J Exp Nanosci 2013:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  16. Xiong G, Pal U, Serrano JG, Ucer KB, Williams RT (2006) Photoluminescence and FTIR study of ZnO nanoparticles: The impurity and defect perspective. Phys Status Solidi Curr Top Solid State Phys 3(10):3577–3581

    Google Scholar 

  17. Jain A, Panwar S (2014) Effect of zinc oxide concentration in fluorescent ZnS: Mn/ZnO core – shell nanostructures. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 25(4):1716–1723

  18. Wang C, Shaw LL(2014) On synthesis of Fe2SiO4/SiO2 and Fe2O3/SiO2 composites through sol – gel and solid-state reactions. J sol-gel Sci Technol 72:602–614

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ahmed MT, Sarhan A, Hassan A (2016) Preparation and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles by simple precipitation method. Int J Sci Eng Technol 4(3):507–512

  20. Li W, Shah SI, Sung M, Huang CP (2002) Structure and size distribution of TiO 2 nanoparticles deposited on stainless steel mesh. J Vac Sci Technol B 20(6):2303–2308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Kakhaki ZM, Youzbashi A, Naderi N (2015) Optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared by a one- step mechanochemical synthesis method. J Phys Sci 26(2):41–51

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bolarinwa HS et al. (2017) Determination of optical parameters of zinc oxide nanofibre deposited by electrospinning technique. J Taibah Univ Sci 11(6):1245–1258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Sun CQ. Size and confinement effect on nanostructures 2005

  24. Li J, Yang D, Zhu X (2017) Effects of aging time and annealing temperature on structural and optical properties of sol-gel ZnO thin films. AIP Adv 7(6):1–7

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rajalakshmi M, Sohila S, Ramya S, Divakar R, Ghosh C, Kalavathi S (2012) Blue green and UV emitting ZnO nanoparticles synthesized through a non-aqueous route. Opt Mater (Amst) 34(8):1241–1245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Xiong G, Pal U, Serrano JG (2007) Correlations among size, defects, and photoluminescence in ZnO nanoparticles. J Appl Phys 101(1-7):024317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Davood Raoufi (2013) Synthesis and photoluminescence Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles. J Lumin 134:213–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hadia NMA, García-Granda S, García JR (2014) Effect of the temperature on structural and optical properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 14(7):5443–5448

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Gadallah A (2013) Structural, optical constants and photoluminescence of ZnO thin films grown by sol-gel spin coating. Adv Condens Matter Phys 2013:234546 (1–11)

  30. Mohamed SH (2011) Synthesis, structural and ellipsometric evaluation of oxygen-deficient and nearly stoichiometric zinc oxide and indium oxide nanowires/nanoparticles. Philos Mag 91(27):3598–3612

  31. Yang Y, Guo W, Wang X, Wang Z, Qi J, Zhang Y (2012) Size dependence of dielectric constant in a single pencil-like ZnO nanowire. Nanoletters 12(4):1919–1922

  32. Nichev H, Angelov O (2008) Correlation between the stress in ZnO thin films and the Urbach band tail width. Phys Status Solidi Curr Top Solid State Phys 3357(10):3353–3357

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST)—Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE), Government of India for their financial support to carry out this research.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School for Advanced Research in Polymers (SARP)—ARSTPS, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET)—Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600032, India

    A. Sangeetha, S. Jaya Seeli, M. Abdul Kader & S. K. Nayak

  2. Department of Plastics Technology, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET) –Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600032, India

    K. P. Bhuvana

Authors
  1. A. Sangeetha
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Jaya Seeli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. K. P. Bhuvana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Abdul Kader
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. K. Nayak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. P. Bhuvana.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note: Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Sangeetha, A., Jaya Seeli, S., Bhuvana, K.P. et al. Correlation between calcination temperature and optical parameter of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 91, 261–272 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-019-05000-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-019-05000-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation