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Optimization the selectivity property of graphene oxide modified dimensionally stable anode (DSA) produced by the sol–gel method

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel and hybrid materials for catalytic, photoelectrochemical and sensor applications
  • Published:
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Abstract

The novel mixed metal oxide (MMO) coatings of TiO2–RuO2 modified with graphene oxide (GO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets were synthesized and investigated on the Ti substrate by the sol–gel approach. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to simulate and optimize the graphene compounds additive in the coating. The slope difference in the transpassive region at NaCl and H2SO4 solutions was considered as the significant factor for the selectivity of anode between the competitive evolution reactions of oxygen and chlorine. In order to characterize the coating, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, AFM tests, CV, polarization, and EIS curves were carried out. The obtained optimal condition included the GO concentration of 0.56 mg ml−1, the rGO concentration of about 0.56 mg ml−1, and the layers number of 4. It was predicted that the optimal selectivity of the graphene modified electrode is approximately 83.189, which was measured to be about 84.944 at the reproducible level. Indeed, the model for simulating the graphene modification was suitable and reliable.

Highlights

  • DSA electrocatalyst coatings modified with GO/rGO nanosheets on the titanium substrate were synthesized by sol–gel method using the experimental design.

  • Simulation and optimization of the amount of GO/rGO additives to the coating and number of applied coating layers on the selectivity property of anodic reactions of the DSA electrode were done by CCD and RSM method.

  • The difference in slope of the transpassive region in NaCl + H2SO4 solutions was considered as the important factor in the selectivity of anode between competitive evolution reactions of chlorine and oxygen at the electrode surface, and the optimal DSA coating conditions including GO/rGO were obtained by the proposed model.

  • TOF measurements and GC-MS analysis confirmed that the use of GO and rGO has improved the intrinsic electrocatalytic properties accompanied by an electrochemically active surface area of electrodes.

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Acknowledgements

This research work was financially supported by the Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) and the Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council (INIC).

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  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-143, Tehran, Iran

    N. Royaei & T. Shahrabi

  2. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, 97175-569314, Birjand, Iran

    Y. Yaghoubinezhad

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Royaei, N., Shahrabi, T. & Yaghoubinezhad, Y. Optimization the selectivity property of graphene oxide modified dimensionally stable anode (DSA) produced by the sol–gel method. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 90, 547–564 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-019-04966-9

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